Young Goodman Brown Characters - 4483 Words

Young Goodman Brown: Characters Introduction â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story by the American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne. The story made its first appearance in the New England Magazine for April 1835 and was collected in Mosses from an Old Manse in 1846. The story is set in the Puritan New England, a common setting for Hawthornes works, and like most of the stories in Mosses, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† examines Hawthorne’s favorite themes: the loss of religious faith, presence of temptation, and social ills of Puritan communities. These themes, along with the story’s dark, surreal ending, make â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† one of the Hawthorne’s most popular short stories. In order to understand â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† we must, like the†¦show more content†¦Young Goodman Brown could also be compared to the first man, Adam, who was tempted by the devil to eat the forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge, and in this story we have Brown going into the whole forest, facing the whole forest. Like Adam in the book of Genesis, Goodman cannot help himself from wanting to know what lies behind the mystery of the forest. And like Eve, he is rewarded for his curiosity with the truth that changes his life for the worse. In the course of the ceremony, the Devil tells Brown and Faith that their eyes will now be opened to the wickedness of themselves and those around them. Adam and Eve were exiled from the Garden of Eden, and forced to undergo all the trials of being mortal, human, and Goodman Brown returns from the forest to find that the joy of life has been taken away from him. He has become suspicious of those around him, even the person clo sest to him, his wife Faith. From this we can see that â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† also functions as an allegory of the fall of a man, which is also one of the themes of this story. At the very beginning of the narrative, before setting out on his journey, Goodman Brown appears to be a very confident young man for he is innocent and inexperienced. Upon his return we are given the picture of a very changed man.Show MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis Of Young Goodman Brown719 Words   |  3 PagesYoung Goodman Brown, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is the story of a young Christian mans struggle between good versus evil, and the loss of his innocence. All of us harbor a propensity for evil regardless of the mask that we put on for society. After meeting the devil in the woods one evening, Goodman Browns eyes are opened to the reality of the Puritan society in which he lives. Many of the people in attendance at the meeting were trustworthy, church-going individuals who turn out to be devilRead MoreThe Female Characters Of Young Goodman Brown1255 Words   |  6 Pagesquite frankly in real life-there is often a theme of the female characters being snubbed. It is rare to find a strong female character who is independent and treated equally. When such a character is found, it is generally a positive aspect of the text for readers, especially girls. It is extremely important that girls have positive and powerful role models in literature, and real life. Usually, an author who writes such character does this for the reason previously stated. Many would say this authorRead MoreCharacter Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and the â€Å"Lottery†967 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and the â€Å"Lottery† . Mathew Speakman English 102 Professor Katie Robinson July 15, 2012 Thesis Statement: In Nathaniel Hawthornes â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Shirley Jacksons â€Å"The Lottery†, we are given a picture of seemingly normal people who are capable of incredible evil. Outline: Opening mood in both stories a. Goodman Browns sets out on a walk in the forest, but knows that evil awaits him. b. TheRead MoreSymbolism of Setting and Character Descriptions in Young Goodman Brown1879 Words   |  8 PagesEmily Bartlett Ms. Santi 1B PDP American Literature 7 December 2011 Young Goodman Brown In Young Goodman Brown, Nathanial Hawthorne utilizes the forest’s setting and character’s descriptions to show the symbolic meaning of each. The forest, each character and their actions all have specific meanings that are critical to the interpretation of the story. The story of Young Goodman Brown takes place in the town of Salem, Massachusetts, and the forest surrounding the town. Salem became famous for itsRead MoreHow Nature Can Be Seen Negatively Affecting The Characters Of `` Young Goodman Brown ``1257 Words   |  6 Pagesgorgeous thing that God created. Nature also has many symbolic and metaphorical references to real life objects, places, and people. However, in the short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† nature can be seen negatively affecting the characters. The story has many scenes of despair and discomfort when the natural world affects the characters well being. Human nature also comes into effect in this story, with actions being decided on the nature of the human. From the Satan ceremony being one of the mostRead MoreCompairison of Young Goodman Brown and No Country For Old Men900 Words   |  4 PagesThe story Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne depicts a man whose inner desire is to experience the evil forbidde n forest, as well as retaining his image as a, â€Å"good and honest Christian.† This internal conflict is also portrayed in the movie No Country for Old Men, which was directed and written by the Coen brothers. In the movie the main character, Llewellyn Moss, is confronted with the moral dilemma of either keeping the drug money he found or calling the police. Although he morally makesRead MoreYoung Good Brown By Nathaniel Hawthorne And Girl By Jamaica Kincaid1454 Words   |  6 Pagesreadings, Young Good Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"Girl† by Jamaica Kincaid. Hawthorne’s writing is from the American Romanticism week and â€Å"Girl† is from the Post Colonialism week. From my understanding and interpretations, the two of these readings share common themes such as public perception, gender roles, for lack of a better word and trust but they have differing views of each theme. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown the story revolves around a man named Goodman Brown who has setRead MoreLiterary Analyzes Of Young Goodman Brown1746 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary analyzes of Young Goodman Brown Young goodman brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a story about a normal man that ventures into the forest to meet an old man who attempts to tempt him into going deeper into the woods to worship the devil. After the old man convinces him that everyone that he loves and respects is going to the devil’s ceremony he gives in. In Young Goodman Brown, Hawthorne effectively uses the personality and psychology of the Characters along with symbolism to portray the themeRead More Young Goodman Brown VS. Paul Essay1045 Words   |  5 Pages Young Goodman Brown vs. Paul nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After studying the short stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Willa Cather’s â€Å"Paul’s Case†, I began to see many similarities within the two stories. Both of the main characters in each story have characteristics that could be looked at as being alike, but after analyzing each character I started to find that although alike in some aspects, these two characters are very different from one another. At first I noticedRead More Essay on The Value of Dreams in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown723 Words   |  3 Pages Young Goodman Brown:nbsp; The Value of Dreams Young Goodman Brownnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Birthmarknbsp; nbsp;Nathaniel Hawthornes stories Young Goodman Brown and The Birthmark both make use of dreams to affect the story and reveal the central characters. With each story, the dreams presented are extremely beneficial to the development of the story as they give the reader a new view of the plot itself, or the characters within. At the same time, however, it becomes difficult to determine

Symptoms And Treatment Of Skin Cancer - 1774 Words

Skin Cancer Research Paper Sarah Klein was once a teenager with psoriasis, skin build up that causes an itchy patch. Her primary doctor had recommended her to use ultraviolet rays as a solution, but little did they know that was going to cause her to have stage IV metastatic melanoma once she was older with a family. In the human body there are the processes of mitosis and apoptosis, the necessary functions the body needs for proper growth and development. But there are times when new cells grow at the wrong times and the old cells do not die at the right time, this begins to cluster the extra cells and creates a tumor. Tumors may be malignant, beginning the process of cancer. According to the Cancer Source Book, in the United States the most common cancer is skin cancer along with its subtypes of Melanoma, Squamous Carcinoma and Basal Carcinoma (Bellenir et al, 2007). Fortunately, these skin cancers can be localized, removed easily and rarely life threating. Skin cancer can have multiple causes that affects the skin. Day-to-day environment, genetic makeup, and age can all affect the intensity of the tumor in each individual. For cancer to fully develop there has to be multiple changes in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for one cell to create a cancer cell and form a tumor. Each person has their own genetic changes that may cause cancer to grow and spread faster or to move slowly and restrain the cancer cells from spreading. Simple freckles or pigmentedShow MoreRelatedSkin Cancer : Symptoms And Treatment1462 Words   |  6 Pages Skin Cancer Project Wong,KaYan. Li,Suzy. Chen,Xu 10/06/2015 Tuesday ^-^ Skin Cancer Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in our society. It also can be said that it is the abnormal growth of the skin cells. The Skin Cancer Foundation reports that one in every five Americans will experience skin cancer during their lifetime. Cancers are mostly caused by the overexposure of UV radiation that damages the human DNA which lead to DNA mutation. There are three types of skin cancer, squamousRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Skin Cancer1357 Words   |  6 Pagesincidence of non melanoma skin cancer and actinic keratosis (AK) has increased. The tumours are treated with the help of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and topical therapies to manage superficial carcinoma and actinic keratosis. This review briefs about skin physiology, non melanoma skin cancer, relationship between actinic keratosis(AK) and skin cancer, different drugs used in dermal preparations for management of actinic keratosis and novel approaches for targeting drugs to skin neoplasm and actini cRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Melanoma982 Words   |  4 Pagesmalignant (cancer) cells form in the skin cells called melanocytes (cells that give the skin color). It can also occur in the eye and is called intraocular or ocular melanoma; however it can happen anywhere on the body. It is the most dangerous of the common forms of skin cancer and oftens appears as a growing coloured skin spot, usually occuring in adults, but it is sometimes found in children and adolescents. The disease is more aggressive than basal cell skin cancer or squamous cell skin cancer. CAUSE:Read MoreMelanoma Skin Cancer Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pageslargest organ of the human body is your skin. It is your body’s first line of defense against infections, injuries, heat, and sunlight. It also helps in controlling the temperature of your body and getting rid of the excess water and salt by sweating it out. Skin cancer is also known as cancer of the sun. Excessive amounts of ultra violet lights affect your skin in negative ways, possibly leading to Melanoma skin cancer. Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer there is and can often times be fatalRead MoreThe System Of The Human Body1429 Words   |  6 Pagesin the function of the human body. The system is made up of the skin and skin derivatives such as hair, nails, glands and receptors and provides the body with a line of defence against foreign, infectious pathogens (Moore et al., 2013). The skin is the most vulnerable organ to injury and disease as it is an external organ and the largest organ of the body, contributing to approximately 15% of the body’s weight (Hackman, 2014). The skin also helps to maintain homeostasis in the body as well as containingRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Disease That Comes Unexpectedly Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer is a disease that comes unexpectedly; many people tend to overlook the symptoms. There are different types of breast cancers that require treatments and surgery. The course of treatment varies from patient to patient because there are many factors that can contribute to a patient’s treatment plan. Once the plan is in place, there are many things that will need to be done in order to ensure that the cancer will not return. Trying to beat cancer can be a long, extraneous, and in someRead More Skin Cancer Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesSkin Cancer Skin cancer is a disease that can affect any one. Skin cancer includes many types that can be classified as severe or superficial. Consequently, treatement of skin cancer depends on the degree of severity a person has. In the following paper, we will shed lights on the types of skin cancer and its causes. Finally, we will investigate how to treat the different types of cancer and how to avoid it. Skin cancer is a term used to describe cancer in skin tisssues. The skin is made ofRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Surgery Essay936 Words   |  4 Pages1990’s as something called the Isolate limb infusion (ILI) has now been given a much less invasive name called the Isolate Limb Perfusion (ILP). They differ from each other in that it is performed by going through the unbroken skin rather than doing it surgically. Another treatment option that has been used is called Cryotherapy. This type of therapy results in tumor antigen release through local trauma to the area and this results in having the potential to evoke an integral anti-melanoma immune responseRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On My Life1571 Words   |  7 PagesCancer. The dreaded word no one wants to hear. It brings us feeling of loss, hopelessness, pain, and anger. Almost everyone I know has been affected by cancer in one way or another, whether it being losing someone to it, suffering from, or overcomin g. We see it all over television, social media, newspapers when they think they’ve found another treatment, they’re a little closer to what they think might be the cure, or someone we know has won or lost their battle. It does not discriminate who it affectsRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Second Most Common Cancer1403 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States, breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Although it can occur in both men and women, it is very rare in men. An individual’s breast has many components. It contains glands, ducts and breast tissue that contains fat, connective tissue, lymph nodes and blood vessels. The most common type of breast cancer in the U.S. is ducts carcinoma. This type of cancer begins within the cells of the ducts, but it can also begin in the cells of the lobules and other tissues

Financial Statements Of Accounts Prepared †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Financial Statements Of Accounts Prepared? Answer: Introducation Audit is an independent examination of the financial statements and books of accounts prepared by the management by the auditors of the company to check whether the financials are showing correct and unbiased view of the state of affairs and to express their opinion thereof. Audit is generally conducted using the substantive and analytical procedures. Substantive audit procedures are of great relevance in ascertaining whether all the audit procedures an d cares and check have been applied consistently and thoroughly while preparing the books of accounts and preparation of financial summary. It generally includes vouching of incomes and expenses and verification of assets and liabilities. But when these 2 measures are not sufficient and does not gives the confidence on the arithmetical accuracy of the books of accounts then the auditor has to switch to analytical procedures which includes ratio analysis, trend analysis, variance analysis and a study of fluctuation in the numbers based on the past financial statements. For this, generally the data points include the past years financial data, the industry trend and average, the budgeted numbers and the forecasted numbers. IN case of DIPL limited, the auditors have also changed as compared to the last year, so substantive procedures would not be enough the new auditors would have to resort to the analytical audit procedures to gain the confidence on the transparency of the accounts prepared and the verification of the opening balances of the client. If post all this comparison, we would come to know that still the decision cannot be taken whether the books are to materially misstated, then the auditors would have to increase their scope of check and would have to apply further analytical procedures keeping into consideration the maintenance of the internal financial control in the company by the management. If the internal financial controls are adequate, less is the amount of risk, less will be the deviation of the actual from the standard and hence, less is the extent of checking reqd., however, in the other case, weak the leave of internal control maintained by DIPL, the more is the level of analytical procedures to be applied. Further, the management needs to answer all the queries raised b the new auditors in case of any clarifications. There are various ways in which the auditor can use these analytical procedures for ascertaining the credit viability of the company. The examination of the financial statements of previous year can be done, by derivation important key financial ratios that help the auditor in forming an opinion on the financial viability of the company. In addition, comparison with the set industry standards can be done accordingly, by trend analysis and making forecasts and budgeting. If the auditor finds from any deviation from the expected standards then he needs to find the reason of the same and approach the management to comment on the same. These are few basic tools of analytical analysis, that can help the auditor in making a statement (Bae 2017). In the given case study, financial information of past years from the books of account of the company is given. Data can be taken from the same to calculate important ratios, industry data is not available so it will be difficult to comment on the standing of the company, with respect to specific industry qualifications and provisions. The analytical procedures applied here would be reflected by means of the below mentioned table. Al l the data has been collected from the books of account of the company and an opinion on the same is given by making use of specific tools, as depicted hereunder- There are various types of risks that are associated in audit of an organisation, that might affect the standing of the auditor and prevent them from forming an opinion on the financial statements of the company. The three types of risks are Inherent risk, control risks and ejection risks. Inherent risk is the major type of risk that occurs in situations that are not in control of the management. Control risks are the type of risk in which there is risk of lack of proper internal control o part of the management. In addition, detection risks occur when the auditor fails to notice an error that can be easily identifiable. In the given case of DIPL, there are certain inherent risks that are to be identified by the auditor. The auditor must also take measures to ensure mitigation of the risks. (Raiborn, Butler Martin 2016) Risk of material misstatement The company faces an inherent risk of non routine transactions and adopting new changes in the statement. The main reason that is a risk on part of the auditor to comment on the financial viability of the company, because the IT system which the company is installing is entirely new. The IT system is a deviation from routine matters, there is no standard basis with which the auditor can compare its effectiveness. The system is installed under acute pressure from the management without any reconciliation between the pre operating activities and the results there of. These factors behind the installation of the new IT system, makes it probable to consist of certain risk that is not in the hands of the management and the auditor. Also the management has failed to ascertain effective control in maintenance of the same, thus the risk chances increases because of lack of proper internal control facilities (Sonu, Ahn Choi 2017). The risk of material misstatement encompasses the fact that it is possible that the management might have failed to include all material facts in the financial statements accurately. The main reason behind the same might be the presence of inherent risks and control risks in the operations that have prevented the auditor from forming a correct opinion on the financial statements. In the given case, if the company fails to properly reconcile all the operations with respect to the new IT system there is high chances that there might be misstatement in the financial statements of the company. This may be reflected in the overvaluation or the undervaluation of the system. There may be chances of default in the revenue system also because of the same. 2) The second type of inherent risk may be associated with the changes in the accounting policies and assumptions of the company by the board of directors. The main reason behind the same is that it is stated in the reports of the management that the management is considering change in the accounting policies and estimates. Proposals have been given on not using the average cost for the valuation of the inventory and new cost methods should be implied. Also the management is considering changes in the method of calculation of depreciation and reporting on the same. Only based on the experience of the board members the company is considering changing the method of depreciation and assuming the life of the asset to be 30 years, even though as per the industry specifications the life must be 20 years (DeZoort Harrison 2016). This will be lead to material misstatement because the management is changing the policies and maki9ng assumptions without any proper research and consideration and that may affect the financial position of the company. The auditor will have problem in ascertaining the viability of the books of account in chances of change of accounting policies and estimates. Proper disclosure is to be given by the management to make sure all the changes are properly recorded and stated. Fraud can occur in the preparation of the financial statements and the main work of the auditor is to identify such fraud risk factors and to eliminate the same. In the books of account of DIPL and the statement presented by the company, many lead two fraud risk factors to falsification of the books of account. Approach of the auditor 1) The major fraud risk factor is that there is no proper segregation of duties in major areas and one person is given all the responsibility. It is one of the major reasons that may lead to fraud because one person has got access to all the important areas. In case of DIPL, the clerk is given important work related to invoice preparation and its presentation and also authorises the same for payment. There is only level of check there in the form of the accounts receivable clerk who checks the mathematical accuracy of the invoices and makes the payment. In case of cash related activities, the e receipts are downloaded, verified and authorised by a single person, and then reconciliation of the statements is also done by the same person. Thus we see that there is little or no control, because even if the person does any fraud in the account, it will be hard for the auditor and the management to identify the same. To prevent such fraud risk factors, the auditor must ask the management to ensure proper segregation of work. There must be clear check points, so that any entry, any amount passes through at least two check points, before being finalised. The auditor in case he ascertains that any fraud has occur can bring up the matter directly to the management and can ask the management to change the present position of the person at fault, so that proper observations may be drawn in lack of any manipulation from the defaulted party (Knechel Salterio 2016). 2) The second area of fraud in case of DIPL, can be the implementation of the new It system without any proper reconciliation. It is possible that personal motives of the directors may be involved in the same. There are chances of fraud because the system was installed without proper reconciliation and checking, and also there are no proper parameters in which the auditor can compare its efficiency and verification. It may be possible that the management had certain personal gains involved in the same, and the management wanted to do it in haste so that they can avoid any discrepancies that may arise if proper reconciliation is done. (Fay Negangard 2017) The auditor should make sure that all the details regarding the new system are derived from the management. Proper scrutiny of the books of accounts and third party check must be done, to ensure its effectiveness and verify its credibility. The reasons of haste must be justified and the auditor must ask the management to conduct important reconciliation and provide the report as soon a possible. These are the few ways in which the auditor can mitigate the fraud factor form the books of accounts of the company. (Grenier 2017) References Bae, SH 2017, 'The Association Between Corporate Tax Avoidance And Audit Efforts: Evidence From Korea', Journal of Applied Business Research, vol 33, no. 1, pp. 153-172. DeZoort, FT Harrison, PD 2016, 'Understanding Auditors sense of Responsibility for detecting fraud within organization', Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 1-18. Fay, R Negangard, EM 2017, 'Manual journal entry testing : Data analytics and the risk of fraud', Journal of Accounting Education, vol 38, pp. 37-49. Grenier, J 2017, 'Encouraging Professional Skepticism in the Industry Specialization Era', Journal of Business Ethics, vol 142, no. 2, pp. 241-256. Knechel, WB Salterio, SE 2016, Auditing:Assurance and Risk, 4th edn, Routledge, New York. Raiborn, C, Butler, JB Martin, K 2016, 'The internal audit function: A prerequisite for Good Governance', Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, vol 28, no. 2, pp. 10-21. Sonu, CH, Ahn, H Choi, A 2017, 'Audit fee pressure and audit risk: evidence from the financial crisis of 2008', Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting Economics , vol 24, no. 1-2, pp. 127-144.

University Market Essay Example For Students

University Market Essay There is a problem because Kathy Kelleher, manager of Bentleys wanted to keepthe market open to everyone. But everything seemed to be targeted toward thestudent and faculty at the University of Arizona. What is the critical question?The critical question is if she wanted to provide a facility that would appealto all why is Kathy Kelleher putting so much effort into exposing the Universitymarket to Bentleys. This is the basis for the problem because Kelleher hadneglected to offer specials or other promotional items to attract people otherthan the university crowd. What are the critical factors? 1) Pleased to see manystudents seated throughout the restaurant due to a current advertisement in thelocal newspaper. 2) Promoted a University of Arizona student/faculty dinner for$5.95 from 4:00 to 6:00 daily. 3) Students dismissed Bentleys in the pastbecause it was out of their price range. 4) Kelleher wanted everyone to feelcomfortable in her establishment, and thought it was time to expose theuniversity market to the restaurant. 5) The overall sales mix was 80 percentfood and 20 percent alcoholic beverages. 6) Kelleher made her mission statementvery clear. We offer a little bit of everything for everyone. The last thingI want to do is limit the market to one particular group. 7) Kelleher decidedto offer two separate menus beginning in August of 1988. 8) The dinner checkaverage was $17.00 including beverages. 9) Front-of the house employees wereunhappy because they had to serve more customers to make the same amount ofmoney. 10) The chef and cooks were less enthusiastic since they considered thelower price additions to the dinner menu to be incompatible with the overallconcept and not worthy of their attention. 11) Lunch service was discontinued onweekdays in early 1989 after covers plummeted by 75%. 12) Management blamed thedecrease on the construction on a former parking lot, which had previously beenused by the restaurant guests. 13) Lunch customers were unable to p ark and wentelsewhere. 14) Kelleher eliminated significant overhead by closing during theday. 15) Averaged 100 covers Monday to Wednesday. Averaged 125 covers Thursdayand Friday Averaged 200 covers Saturday and Sunday. Averaged 300 covers forSunday brunch. 16) Management attempted to fill the slow periods by offeringdinner for two for $11.95 on Monday. 17) Advertising was directed towarddifferent markets during different seasons. 18) Tucson television channel 13 hasawarded the establishment with 4 stars. 19) Kelleher spent a lot of timevisiting competitors in order to identify new ideas and trends to implement ather restaurant. 20) Comment cards were distributed as a means of monitoring theBentleys experience and comparing it to the competition. 21) As an incentiveto complete the comment card a random drawing awarded a complimentary Sundaybrunch for two. 22) Results from the comment cards rated the menu and servicevery high. 23) Customers requested less expensive menu items. 24) Spe nds aconsiderable amount of money on a large arrangement of flowers for theentranceway and fresh flowers for each table. The flowers confused customerssince they assumed that the restaurant was out of their price range. 25)Originally initiated the cut-rate specials as a means of reaching the pricesensitive market. 26) First time customers were surprised they could affordBentleys if they timed it correctly. The conditions for solution 1) If theyinvest in a parking lot then they would attract more lunch customers. 2) If theyadvertised their outside bar to the surrounding businesses then they couldattract people after work for a drink at the end of the day. 3) If Kelleheroffered $5.95 specials to all customers during off peak times then they wouldattract more people outside the university. 4) If they invested in artificialflowers they would have money to put somewhere else. She could increase wagesfor the angry workers that have to work twice as hard. 5) If she is reallytrying to attra ct tourists then she could offer a discount for persons who showan out of state ID card. 6) If she chose a particular market to target thenthere would more likely be a higher rate of success. 7) If they continue tooffer specials then they will more likely develop an ongoing relationship withcustomers. 8) If they continue to have good food and service then people willrefer their friends and family. 9) If Bentleys had a new concept with lightmeals, relatively low prices, good service and informal atmosphere then studentswould be more likely to go there. Situation analysis Strengths a) received afour star rating b) Corporation opened several establishments in the southwestregion and offered high quality at a good value. c) Offered on and off premisecatering. d) Bentleys was located in the historic part of town. This is howthey can attract tourist. e) Committed to aggressive promotion to keep thepublic talking (offering a $5.95 special to students/faculty). f) Comment cardsrated the men u and service very high. g) Gave the customer a choice ofcustomizing their own menu for parties of twenty or more. h) The only 70 seatoutdoor patio in the area where you could just order drinks. Weaknesses a)Lowering prices to get the student and faculty to come in and dine during offpeak time. b) Not having enough parking for lunch customers and discontinuinglunch service on weekdays. c) Specials were limited to certain entres. .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3 , .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3 .postImageUrl , .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3 , .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3:hover , .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3:visited , .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3:active { border:0!important; } .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3:active , .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3 .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u37b3c9c0dda88515671bacb353ffa7b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: David Letterman Essay We will write a custom essay on University Market specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Opportunities a) As an incentive for customers to fill out comment cards theyselected one from a random drawing for a free brunch. b) By opening the onlyoutdoor patio with a bar in town she is allowing the people to stop by just fora drink without the obligation of ordering food. Lots of people would like tostop in for a drink this would attract a whole new crowd. c) By lowering theprices they could attract more people who eat at McDonalds by giving moreaffordable prices. Threats a) Not having enough parking will force people to gosomewhere else. b) Having a formal dcor like this restaurant has may make someinformal customers feel uncomfortable. Even though they say this is a casualplace. c) Competition, if they can not provide what the customer wants they willgo elsewhere. d) Offering too low prices could attract more customers but itmight give a negative result. Assumptions a) I assume fresh flower arrangementscost a lot and if Kelleher got rid of them she would be able to lower pr ices foreveryone. She would more likely attract more customers from the universitybecause the touches of flowers give a formal atmosphere rather than an informalone. b) I assume investing in a parking lot will attract more customers becausethey wouldnt have to search for a parking space. I assume this will alsoallow them to reopen for lunch. c) I assume that if they dont invest in aparking lot they will lose more customers during the hours between 4:00 to6:00pm when people are still at work and parking spaces are not available. d) Iassume that if Kelleher keeps her customers happy they will return and alsorefer friends and family. Conclusion In conclusion I see that Kelleher need tofocus on one particular market. You can please most of the people most of thetime but you cant please all of the people all of the time. If she cut outthe flower arrangements which makes people think this is a formal environmentmore students would come in and dine because they are looking for somethingcas ual. Basically Kelleher needs to give the students what they want for a pricethat they can afford or they will take their business elsewhere. By offeringlower prices she will be able to bring in more of the university populationwhich will result in compensation for lower check averages. Marketing

Fidel Castro and the Cuban revolution essays

Fidel Castro and the Cuban revolution essays Fidel Castro Ruz was born on august 13 1926 in Biran, Cuba. His family, owning sugar plantations, were fairly wealthy, this money providing him with extensive education oppurtunities. In 1945 Castro gained a law degree after attending the University of Havana and started a practice, devoting himself to serving the poor. Castro had always been a rebel, his main interest in university being politics, involving himself in various protest groups. In 1952 he intended to run for parliament, but in a coup detat, General Fulgencio Batista overthrew the existing government, marking the end of democracy in Cuba and cancelling the election. These actions on Batistas part fueled Castros desire for revolution and in 1953 he started to organise a revolt. The revolutionary movement started on July 26 1953 and after many trials and tribulations Castro finally rose to power on January 1 1959. Batista had fled the country allowing Castros forces to move in and take Havana. Castro became president of Cuba and remains in this position today. How Castro impacted on the course of the Revolution from approx. 1950-1960 It is quite easily said that without Castros input there would not have been a successful revolution within Cuba. Castro was dedicated and determined to win, as said by Tad Szulc in Fidel: a Critical Portrait It was the obsession of Fidel Castro to do away with human, social and economic underdevelopement in Cuba. Fidel Castros political style emphasised active engagement and self-discipline. He believed that individuals can overcome any obstacle they desire if they have a strong will to do so and that revolution is the important mission worth pursuing. As Castro has said The duty of every revolutionary is to make the revolution. It was this enthusiasm and drive that rose him above Batista and ultimately lead to his victory in 1959. He was a ...

What to Do If Your Roommate Snores

What to Do If Your Roommate Snores When you dreamed of going to college, it almost certainly didnt include visions of trying to sleep while your roommate loudly snores only a few feet away. And when youre sharing a tiny space with someone who makes a lot of noise while they sleep, it can feel downright impossible to get any rest. Add the fact that youre likely not getting enough sleep anyway, and you have one small situation that quickly balloons into a serious problem. If your roommate snores in a way that is preventing you from getting your much-needed zzzs every night, youll need to address the situation ASAP. Doing so wisely, however, is likely to increase your chances of finding a workable solution that everyone is happy with. 1. First and Foremost, Mention It to Your Roommate If youre waking up super cranky and mad at your roommate, and they have no idea why you cant expect them to guess why youre so upset. If your roommate snores a lot, youll have to bring it up if youre ever going to move toward a solution. How you bring the topic up, however, matters a lot. Avoid angry accusations like You snore so much! or Why are you snoring like that all the time? Your roommate is not snoring on purpose and is certainly not doing so just to make you upset. Try to bring it up gently, as your roommate may not even know that they snore. Did you know that you snore pretty loudly? Have you ever been told that you snore a bit? Have you ever talked to anyone about your snoring? 2. Remember That Snoring Can Indicate Some Other Issues Dont just view snoring as a bad habit; it can be a medical issue for some people, too. The multiple causes of snoring should help you keep in mind that this isnt something that can just be fixed, like a dirty roommate or one who takes your stuff all of the time. Be patient and considerate as your roommate looks into  whats causing the snoring. 3. Find Some Temporary Fixes   As you and your roommate work to find long(er)-term solutions to the snoring problem, look into some short-term fixes. Can you get earplugs? Ask your roommate to try to sleep on their side? Reconfigure the room so your beds arent so close? Perhaps you can ask your roommate to avoid alcohol before bed, or look into getting and using a white noise machine, 4. Look Into Long(er)-Term Fixes Your roommate might just need to change some sleeping habits; similarly, they might also have some serious medical concerns that arent going to fixed quite so easily. If thats the case, look into some longer-term fixes. Know that its perfectly okay for one of those fixes to be finding another roommate. Sleep is important - for  both  of you. If your roommate has something serious going on that is preventing you from getting some sleep, dont hesitate to talk to your RA or other residence hall staff member about possibly switching roommates. It doesnt have to mean anyone is doing anything wrong; it just means that you arent a great match for each other. You can still be a great match for someone else. 5. Keep Things Pleasant and Friendly Consider how youd want to be treated if you were in your roommates shoes. Would you want someone, for example, taking video of your snoring and posting it online somewhere? Definitely not. Would you want your roommate to be gossiping with friends about how horrible you are to share a room with? No thanks. Your roommates snoring isnt an intentional act designed to make your life horrible. Consequently, aim for understanding and patience as you both work to find a solution. It might take a while, but theres no reason why both of you cant be kind, respectful adults during the process.

The Conspirator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Conspirator - Essay Example This paper discusses the conspirators involved in this plot in general and the role of Mary Suratt in particular. Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on April 14, 1865. He was the first president in American history who faced assassination. Lincoln was assassinated at a time when American civil war was in its closing periods. At the time of assassination, Lincoln was watching a play at Fords Theatre in Washington, along with his wife. The major conspirator of Lincoln’s assassination was a stage actor called John Wilkes Booth. He has planned this murder in company of Lewis Paine, George Atzerodt, David Herold, and Mary Surratt. Actually, the conspirators planned to murder the secretary of state and the vice president along with Lincoln. Pain and Herold had assigned the duty of killing the secretary of states while George Atzerodt had the duty of killing the vice president. However, they succeeded in murdering Lincoln alone even though Paine shot the secretary of state. The major objective of this mass murder attempt was to destabilize the American government which took serious actions to end civil war and also to end racial discrimination. All the conspirators were arrested even though Booth suffered serious injury while attempting to escape and later died in the police custody. All the other four conspirators were hanged. Mary Suratt was an American boarding house owner who was accused for participating in Lincoln’s murder conspiracy. She was hanged and became the first woman in American history to suffer execution Mary Suratt’s involvement in the conspiracy was unbelievable to the people who know her. She was highly religious in nature and was not at all a woman of aggressive nature or intend. She was simple and behaved politely with others. However, her involvement in this conspiracy was proved beyond doubt

End of life debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

End of life debate - Essay Example Various studies (Lee et al, 2010; Petri and Lazaro, 2009; Edworthy, 2005; and Ticaniet. Al, 2006) suggest that signs and symptoms commonly identified were butterfly rash over cheeks, photosensitivity, erythematous rash to areas exposed to sun, fatigue, malaise, early bruising, sudden weight gain or loss, hair loss, Raynaud’s phenomenon, joint pain and swelling, ulcers of the mouth and nose, plueritis, pericarditis, low grade fever, diarrhea and nausea and vomiting, hence identified as having multisystem effects. By this, SLE is considered to be one of the most serious rheumatic diseases however; the cause of death may not be directly attributed to the condition but to one or another of its many complications especially for severe cases (â€Å"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Prognosis†, undated). ... On this paper I will try to discuss and justify my position to support the continuity of life of patients with SLE, looking into the various aspects of medical care as well as the ethical, social, and financial considerations that should be taken relative to the patient’s medical care. A hypothetical scenario on the case of a 38 year- old woman was also presented earlier. The woman complains of fatigue, weight loss, oral ulcers, and malar rash around her cheeks, some hair loss for the past month and a bilateral color changes in her extremities which is induced by stress or variants in temperature. She was also seen in the emergency room two (2) weeks ago complaining of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash on her legs which was attributed to her travel to Brazil three (3) week ago, after the diagnosis the symptoms have resolved. Currently, she is not on any prescriptions or over the counter medications. Her past history is consistent of appendectomy at the age of 16 years and three (3) caesarian deliveries. Her family history is positive for hyperthyroidism in her mother and HTN in her father. Based on this scenario, the expected prognostic outcome of this patient is that she has a Widespread SLE. This chronic, lifelong disease was evident in her diagnosis and in the signs and symptoms she is experiencing. The disease may have started at her digestive system given by the various digestive related signs that she indicated during her medical consultation. She is already experiencing symptom relapses or flares from time to time but she can still do her normal activities 90% of the time as she was able to work and travel. Tests

Saks Fifth Avenue Merchandising Essay Example for Free

Saks Fifth Avenue Merchandising Essay Merchandising Saks Fifth Avenue is a lead retail organization offering a wide assortment of luxury fashion apparel, accessories, shoes, jewelry, and cosmetics. Their main target market is the upscale customer that is willing to pay for main designer brands and products such as Louis Vuitton, Ralph Lauren, and many others. Currently, Saks has 46 stores through 22 states that are usually free standing in distinct shopping destinations or anchors in expensive regional malls as quoted from their annual report. Saks primarily focuses on providing luxury brands and unique merchandise to their core customers. Because of the recession, Saks Fifth Avenue changed their methods of merchandising to become more profitable as well as tailor more to their customers but still kept their main focus on luxury and unique brands. In 2009, their net profit margin was a negative 9. 7% with their net profit being negative $54,512,000 and starting off net sales as $564,519,000. The CEO of Saks Fifth Avenue, Stephen Sadove, decided that the company needed to pursue an offensive strategy rather than a defensive one. In order to maintain this strategy, Saks implemented a 9-box grid strategy to chart their merchandise for each store. The 9-box grid strategy helped Saks categorize the best mix of apparel and accessories for the main customers at each of their store locations. There are three price tiers to follow along the grid such as good, better, and best. Each item falls into one of these pricing tiers as well as three general lifestyle categories such as classic, uptown, and contemporary. These specific categories provide Saks with a better understanding of how their products are viewed by their customers as well as how much they are willing to spend on different items. Saks’s Senior Vice President of Marketing and Advertising, Kimberly Grabel, stated that they wanted to implement a strategy that had a good coverage for everyone to produce a really blended customer base. From their findings along the 9-box grid, Saks tailors each of its stores to fit that customer base in that area. Fashion apparel located in their New York location will be different from the products presented in their Indianapolis store. As mentioned earlier, they specifically choose their store locations in their respective markets to target their core customers that value their merchandise. The most important products to evaluate within this grid are Saks’s private labels and exclusive products. These products build a loyal customer base because shoppers cannot find them at any other retail store and improve company profit margins. One of Saks’s private labels is called â€Å"Saks Fifth Avenue Private Collections† where they offer more â€Å"timeless† clothing rather than trendy. Within this collection, they have three distinct lines such as signature, classic, and sports with prices ranging from $98 to $1,000 as stated in the New York Times article. Saks Fifth Avenue’s exclusive products are where they differentiate themselves in the luxury market and remain unique. In their annual report, the company states that they have key relationships with designers like Giorgio Armani, Chanel, Gucci, Prada, and Burberry, among many others. Just recently, they expanded one of their exclusive offerings in the men’s collection with Valentino. At the moment, Saks Fifth Avenue’s presence of private labels and exclusive products in their stores are in the lower teens, but their goal is to reach 20%. Since exclusive products and private labels are so important to Saks merchandising, they promote these brands by in-store displays and catalogue layouts. Within their stores, each mannequin is dressed with only one specific designer. This gives an advantage to the exclusive designer of the featured clothing because a customer might see the entire outfit and want the complete package besides just a blouse. An article within The Wall Street Journal states that within Saks’s holiday catalogue, four out of six items shown are exclusive, so their customers know where to get that exact product. Because of these unique products as well as their 9-box grid strategy, Saks Fifth Avenue has returned from the recession on an â€Å"ok† note, and they continue to improve. In 2010, they began with net sales of $593,145,000 which was a 5% increase since August1, 2009. Their net profit was still in the negative at $32,234,000, but they had an increase of 4. % in their net profit margin. Within 2011, their margins increased even more with a 13% increase in net sales to $670,180,000, and a 4. 2% increase in net profit margin resulting in only having a negative net profit of $8,369,000 as stated in their SEC filings in the 10Q reports. In order to remain successful, Saks Fifth Avenue focuses on offering luxury brands and unique merchandise. With their distinct store locations throughout the country, Saks is able to reach their intended upscale customer and satisfy their needs and wants. By creating value with their products, Saks Fifth Avenue continues to be a lead retail organization.

Greed in The Rocking Horse Winner :: Rocking Horse Winner

Greed in The Rocking Horse Winner  Ã‚     People need money to live, and enough to buy the basic goods one needs to survive, but everybody wants more money. More money means an easier life. The more money one has, the more money one wants, as is shown in the story, "The Rocking Horse Winner" by D. H. Lawrence. At the beginning of this story the family did not have enough money to support their opulent lifestyle. Mr. Lawrence illustrates their situation like this: "Although they lived in style they felt always an anxiety in the house. There was never enough money." (p. 159) The family scrambles to pay the bills at the end of the month. An unspoken phrase "Whispered" throughout the house, "There must be more money! There must be more money!" (p.160) the whispering said. Even though the family had money, they wanted, they needed, more. Paul, the child, knew that his family wanted money, and he knew that he was lucky, betting on the horses. Paul became partners with the gardener. He picked the horse, and the gardener placed the bet. Paul had started out with five shillings but his winnings kept adding up. When he had made 10,000 pounds he decided to give his mother 1000 pounds a year for five years. He wanted his winnings to be a secret so a lawyer handled the money. Paul saw the envelope from the lawyer and asked his mother if she had received anything good in the mail. She said "Quite moderately nice" (p. 168) in a cold voice. She liked getting the money, but she wasn't happy. She wanted more. The same day, she had a meeting with the lawyer who was handling the money. Paul's mother demanded the full sum. She received the money and spent it all. The author informs the reader, "There were certain new furnishings, and Paul had a tutor... There were flowers in the winter, and a blossoming of the luxury that Paul's mother had been used to." (p. 169) The money ran out and the voices in the house screamed, "Oh-h-h, there must be more money.

Middle School Essay

So I am not really ready for middle school and btw my name is Aniah Stitt and I am leaving the 5th grade from Reedy Creek Elementary. I am really scared because I was supposed to go to a school called Northridge Middle and that is a really bad school! People say they have bad kids and that is true but every school has bad kids and all of my friends are going there and I have no friends from my school going to my new school(well my friend Sharifa, Mackenzie, and this boy named Justin)and its really hard. The thing is I have friends in the 7th, and 8th but I  won’t be with them. I know what I am wearing but I don’t have my whole day planed out and do we have to wear book bags and btw we don’t get lockers till 8th grade and it has to be a privilege! And I forgot to tell you I am going to Randolph Middle and it will be so hard because it’s an IB school and I decided to write about my junior high life. Welcome!!!!! and it will be a long year I can already tell. Ok, first things first I am in Ms. Pfahler’s Homeroom and my math teacher is Mr. Dunn and Science and Social Studies is Mrs. Mitchell. People say I have the good teachers because I am in the building but I say I also have the boring ones, but I officially don’t know yet, so I guess I have to wait and find out. My school starts at †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. And ends at †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.! We also have to do community service for 10 hrs! but I did 36 because of operation charlotte at Hickory Grove Baptist Church (HGBC) and I like basically do everything there and they have a school that I wanted to go to HGCBS (hickory grove baptist) well get comfortable for a year of sixth grade at Randolph Middle!

On Compassion Summary and Response

Kaitlyn Riesland English 101 T. McCann October 2, 2012 Summary Response 2 Summary & Response: Barbara Lazear â€Å"On Compassion† In â€Å"On Compassion† Barbara Lazear shows three main examples on how people in the Manhattan area show compassion for the homeless people in their community. After she gives the three main examples she then goes on to question whether they are actually showing compassion or if they are showing pity, care, or simply just selfishness. She also goes on to wondering if the people who are doing good things for the homeless people in the community are doing them just out of fear itself.One example of this is when the lady with the stroller gives a homeless man money while he is staring at her baby, she brings up the point that she may have just given him the money so he wouldn’t do anything to her or her baby. While wrapping up the end of the story she discusses how she believes that compassion is not something that someone is born with b ut rather something that you have to learn throughout your life. What is the difference between empathy and compassion? (Provide examples) In today’s world there are two words that are very easily confused for one another.These words are empathy and compassion, two words with similar meanings but one is more deep then the other. By definition empathy is one person’s ability to realize the feelings of another person. Another way to put that is you can physically see that someone else is going through something that causes them to have emotions. An example of empathy would be if you were crying and someone realized that you were sad, that would be empathy. However Compassion is when you are feeling the emotion that another person is feeling.The other way of explaining compassion is that you are going through the same emotions that another person is feeling and going through. An example of compassion would be if you see that one of your friends is mourning the death of a family member and you start to feel sad and get filed with emotions because you know what they are going though so you are sad as well. I think that empathy is felt more towards someone that you really don’t know that well because you may not know all of the details going on in their life. Most likely you only know the surface problem or emotion being felt.Whereas compassion is something that is felt more towards people that you are closer with in your life because you know about the emotion or emotions that they are feeling in more depth and you are more open to them then you would be with a stranger. However the line between empathy and compassion is a very thin line that could be crossed in the proses of being with someone. As you are with someone they might tell you more about their emotions being felt and you may open up more and feel the same emotions that they are feeling at the time.

Heirloom Essays

Heirloom Essays Heirloom Essay Heirloom Essay Heirloom Solutions Seed Catalog Summary: Heirloom Solutions is a company dedicated to provide the World with seeds that have not been tampered with and of Gods original creation. They are a company that takes its responsibility of protecting the seeds from changing in the structural design that God created the seeds in. Beyond their main focus to keep the seeds pure, is to also combat large and powerful companies from taking complete control and ultimately making pure seeds extinct by the use of hybrid or genetically modified seeds. Analysis: My analysis of Heirloom Solutions is a company that is not only protecting Gods reaction but is also looking out for the well-being of mankind by providing a product that is healthier and will keep producing results for the customer. I find it intriguing how this company has been able to prevent the interference of seed manipulation and have been able to fight the larger companies from buying them out or blocking them to where their profits are too low to maintain operations. Heirloom Solutions has not only found a niche but has been able to find a way to give back to society by providing unaltered seeds for food production. Their not only preserving Gods reaction but are also helping people to lower grocery bills, provide better food, and are providing education for those that wish to become a do-it-yourself gardener. The way the seeds are packaged allow for them to be stored for later use and since these seeds are not genetically modified, the food will produce seeds which means you no longer have to buy more. This article has made me reevaluate the food that is provided to my family and has opened my eyes to gardening. My wife and I will attempt to build a garden of our own next year and we plan to use Heirloom Solutions to provide us with the seeds to accomplish our goals.

Definition and Examples of Exonyms and Endonyms

Definition and Examples of Exonyms and Endonyms An exonym is a place name  that isnt used by the people who live in that place but that is used by others. Also spelled  xenonym. Paul Woodman has defined exonym as a toponym bestowed from the outside, and in a language from the outside (in Exonyms and the International Standardisation of Geographical Names, 2007).  For example, Warsaw is the English exonym for  the capital of Poland, which the Polish people call  Warszawa.  Vienna is the English exonym for the German and Austrian Wien. In contrast,  a  locally used toponym- that is, a  name used by a group of people to refer to themselves or  their region (as opposed to a name given to them by others)- is called an endonym (or  autonym).  For example,  Kà ¶ln  is a German endonym while  Cologne  is the English  exonym  for  Kà ¶ln. Commentary Europes second-longest river is the Danubethe English exonym for  Donau (in German), Dunaj (in Slovak), and Duna (in Hungarian).Berber  derives from the ultimate exonym  (i.e. a name given by outsiders): the Greek word barbaroi, which mimicked the foreignness of a language by  rendering it as something akin to blah-blah. From it, we get barbarian, as well as Barbary (as in Barbary Coast, Barbary  Pirates, and Barbary apes). In current usage, many exonyms can be considered insensitive (Gypsy, Lapp, Hottentot) and preference is given to the endonym (Roma, Saami, Khoi-San).(Frank Jacobs, All Hail Azawad. The New York Times, April 10, 2012)  [T]he English language exonym Mecca has been shown to be unacceptable to many Arab experts, who are uncomfortable with any alteration to the toponym of the holy place Makkah.(Paul Woodman, Exonyms: A Structural Classification and a Fresh Approach, in Exonyms and the International Standardisation of Geographical Names, ed. by Adami Jordan, et al. LIT Verlag, 2007) Reasons for the Existence of Exonyms - There are three main reasons for the existence of exonyms. The first is historical. In many cases, explorers, unaware of existing place names, or colonizers and military conquerors unmindful of them, gave names in their own languages to geographical features having native names...The second reason for exonyms stems from problems of pronunciation...There is a third reason. If a geographical feature extends over more than one country it may have a different name in each. (Naftali Kadmon, Toponymy- Theory, and Practice of Geographical Names, in Basic Cartography for Students and Technicians, ed. by R. W. Anson, et al. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996)-  English uses relatively few exonyms for European cities, especially ones it has come up with on its own ( not borrowed); this may be explained by geographic isolation. This could also explain the low number of exonyms that other languages use for English cities. (Jarno Raukko, A Linguistic Classification of Eponyms, in Exonyms, ed. by Adami Jordan, et al. 2007) Toponyms, Endonyms, and Exonyms - For a  toponym  to be defined as an  exonym, there must exist a minimum degree of difference between it and the corresponding  endonym... The omission of diacritical marks usually does not turn an endonym into an exonym: Sao Paulo (for So Paulo); Malaga (for Mlaga) or Amman (for Ê ¿AmmÄ n) are not considered exonyms. (United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names,  Manual for the National Standardization of Geographical Names. United Nations Publications, 2006)- If an important topographic feature is located or contained entirely within a single country, most good world atlases and maps print the  endonym  as the primary name, with the translation or conversion into the language of the atlas either in brackets or in smaller type. If a feature transcends political boundaries, and especially if it carries different names in the different countries, or if it lies outside the territorial waters of any one country- exonymisation or translation into the target language of the atlas or map is almost always resorted to. (Naftali Kadmon, Toponymy- Theory, and Practice of Geographical Names, in  Basic Cartography for Students and Technicians, edited by R. W. Anson, et al. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996) Further Reading Name That  -nymNationality WordOnomasticsProper Name

The SEC's Condorsement Proposal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The SEC's Condorsement Proposal - Research Paper Example In this study, I would discuss about the IASB as well as the FASB and their relationship with each other. I would then evaluate the SEC proposal and express my opinions about the same. IASB & FASB and Their Relationship with Each Other In year 1973, the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) was set up for the purpose of maintaining standardization in the accounting principles all over the world. In 2001, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) was constituted subsequent to the restructuring of the IASC. The main goal of the IASB was to prepare and issue standards to be observed in the development of financial statements and also to encourage the global recognition and adherence of those standards. The IASB had hitherto issued various standards known as the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on different accounting subjects (Deloitte, 2011). The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was formed in 1972, as a nominated institute in the pri vate sector for setting up standards of financial accounting as well as reporting in the USA. The local firms in the United States that are listed with the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) are required to file their financial reports exercising the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles of the United States (US GAAP) (Financial Accounting Standards Board, n.d.). The FASB and the IASB are fundamentally built under the same theoretical framework. Nevertheless, there are certain major dissimilarities between the standards issued by the IFRS and the US GAAP. The IASB standards are broader and have restricted interpretive assistance for their implementation, as compared to those of the US GAAP. The IASB does not usually issue interpretations of the IFRS, and rather lets the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) and the individual auditors to put into practice the principles embodied in the IFRSs. While the US GAAP standards, as a result of the strong l egal and regulatory surroundings in the US, have a more prescriptive policy. Consequently, the US standards enclose the underlying principles, complete implementation direction as well as the industry interpretations (Ernst & Young, 2010). Evaluation of the SEC Condorsement Proposal The Condorsement Proposal made by the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) is a combination of the convergence approach and the endorsement approach for the amalgamation of the IFRS with the US GAAP. The condorsement framework summarized by the SEC consists of three phases of convergence and an ongoing process of endorsement where the FASB assesses the necessary and appropriate modifications in the IFRS for utilization by the US companies. The first phase of convergence consists of the completion of the projects under their Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) by 2011. In the subsequent two phases the FASB would devise arrangements to amalgamate dynamic IFRS schemes into the US GAAP and also merge all the o ther IFRSs into the US GAAP, in a period of 5-7 years (Lamoreaux, 2011). I think that the condorsement approach is significant because such an exclusive hybrid approach would probably lessen the tension on the financial reporting method. The condorsement strategy necessitates the classification of the current US GAAP standards into various

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Research Paper

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that EEOC is under the mandatory obligation to monitor compliance and enforcement of Title VII under Civil Rights Act, 1964 along with other federal civil rights. Civil Rights Act, 1964, Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 are some such practices of EEOC that prohibit discrimination at workplace based on a range of factors age, nationality, ethnicity, gender, etc. Title VII of Civil Rights Act entails race, color, origin, gender, and religion as protected groups which show evidence of discrimination and the laws of EEOC are intended to protect employees and potential employees against discrimination. EEOC recommends that employees of all public-private firms are protected by federal laws against discrimination. In this regard, Title VII of Civil Rights Act, 1964 prohibits discrimination in terms of race, color, religion, sex or national origin in hiring, promoting, discharging, payment, fringe benefits, among other aspects of e mployment. The amended version of The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 protects employees, present and prospective, with disabilities in hiring, promoting, and other aspects of employment. For protecting discrimination based on an age of above 40 years who are the applicants or employees, The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 is handy to ensure equal opportunity. Also, Title VII of Civil Rights Act, 1964 and The Equal Pay Act of 1963 prohibit sex discrimination where women and men are paid different wages for the same work in the same organization. Further to this, all federal laws prohibit any retaliatory action by an employer in cases of filing of charges of discrimination by the employee, and it can amount to serious offense of the laws. Diversity at the workplace is practiced to ensure that individual differences are recognized and acknowledged to create an environment that is diverse and innovative, and which utilizes the contributions of the diverse backgroun ds of its employees. In the diverse workplace, EEO policies apply in addressing the disadvantaged groups prone to discrimination in terms of age, race, etc.

Exam questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Exam questions - Essay Example Further, a portfolio company having high risk may financially endanger the financial output of a company having miniscule risk. Portfolio analysis should include the influence of risk on the company’s returns (Livermore, 1998, p. 584). CAPM is used to determine the relationship between risk and portfolio returns. In terms of question 1b, the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is used to determine the effect of the risks on the returns. The CAPM model includes the risk free rate of return portion of the asset return. The CAPM is used to determine the expected capital asset return. The CAPM analysis includes a risk-free rate. The CAPM includes a risk premium and a market premium (Semmler, 2011, p. 106). The portfolio CAPM formula is shown in the following diagram: E(Rp) = P1R1 + P2R2†¦+ PnRn Further, the formula is used to whether the average return on a portfolio of stocks is positively related portfolio’s beta data. The limitations include a wrong proxy is chosen. Another limitation is that the financial economists had not discovered a fool-proof they that explains why investors demand premiums for investing in low price/earnings for converting such concepts into risk premium estimations (OByrne, 2001, p. 180). In terms of question 2a, there are several motives for taking over another company. First, the â€Å"economies of scale† theory dictates that come entities or corporations takeover other companies in order to increase revenues. The total revenue of two companies will normally be higher than the revenue generated by all companies, given that the total sales of each company or equity is similar, under the synergy principle. Second, some companies takeover other companies in order to acquire the other comp any’s current and prospective customer database. Third, takeovers allow the new owner to acquire the expertise of the acquired company (Nuchtern,

Pressure Sensor Controlled Valve Based Microcontroller In General Engineering Essay

Pressure Sensor Controlled Valve Based Microcontroller In General Engineering Essay A pressure sensor measures pressure, typically of gases or liquids. Pressure sensor can also be called as pressure transducers, pressure transmitters, pressure senders, pressure indicators and piezometers. Pressure sensors are used for control and monitoring in thousands of everyday applications. Pressure Sensor Controlled Valve based Microcontroller in General A pressure sensor controlled valve based microcontroller is a pressure sensing device that is capable of controlling a desired pressure up to the set point set by the user. Besides, the pressure sensing device also allows the user to monitor and control the entire process of the system by interfacing a Microcontroller with a PC Using RS232 and the PC Serial Port. Pressure sensor and valve are required to design pressure sensing device according to their task Nowadays pressure sensors can vary in design, performance, application suitability and cost. On the other hand, pressure sensors can be classified in term of pressure ranges they measure, temperature ranges of operation, and most importantly the type of pressure they measure. Valves are used to control conditions such as flow, pressure, temperature, and liquid level. The opening or closing of the valve is depend on the signals received from the controllers that compare a set point to a process variable where the value is obtain from the sensor that monitor the change of conditions. Besides, the opening and closing of the control valve is done by electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic system. A valve also can vary in design, pressure range and temperature range of the operation, application suitability and cost. Project Objective The main objective of this project is to design and construct a prototype of pressure sensor controlled valve based microcontroller. This prototype should have the following fundamental features: Able to control the pressure through the setpoint set by the user. Able to activate the alarm if the pressure is above a setpoint. Able to shutdown the whole process if the pressure is in critical pressure. Able to monitor the process of the control through PC. Upon successful implementation of these fundamental features, enhancements are added to improve the safety of this pressure sensor controlled valve based microcontroller. The first improvement is adding manual control function to make this control valve able to control by the user even the pressure sensor is fail to give a signal to the microcontroller. Besides, a backup battery is also added into the controller to provide power when there is absence of main power supply. The backup battery will power the circuit only in the event of failure. On the other hand, a temperature sensor will also be added into this pressure sensor controlled valve based microcontroller to maintain the optimum temperature of the gas. Project Overview The pressure sensor controlled valve based microcontroller is designed to control pressure either in gas or liquid medium in any suitable application. The pressure sensor will senses the pressure from the along the tube or pipe along the application. The bottom of the pressure sensor is connected with a T-Joint connector to the tube or pipe and the analog control signal from the pressure sensor will be connected to the analog port of microcontroller. The analog signal received by microcontroller will be analyzed by the microcontroller. The microcontroller will then control the control valve by with the signal received by the sensor. Besides, a temperature sensor (LM35) will also be added into the prototype to enhance the performance of the prototype. The temperature sensor will be mounted at the surface of the tube or pipe. The temperature sensor will sense the temperature of gas or liquids inside the tube or pipe and send a control signal to microcontroller. The analog control signal from the temperature sensor will be connected to the analog port of microcontroller. The microcontroller then will control the control valve according to the temperature received by sensor. Recently, serial port of computer slowly phase out from the market and to be replaced with USB. Nowadays, most developer will favor USB to serial converter to obtain virtual serial port. So, in order to for general and convenient use, a USB to UART converter (UC00A) which offers USB plug and play, direct interface with microcontroller will also be added to the prototype to create a monitoring system through PC. The Transmit Signal (TX) from UC00A will be connect to the microcontroller receiver pin (RX/RC7) . While the Receive Signal (RX) from UC00A will be connect to the microcontroller transmitter pin (TX/RC6) . Then, a GUI( Global User Interface) will be develop using Microsoft Visual Basic for user to monitor the process operation of the prototype. On the other hand, a backup battery of 24Vdc will also be connected parallel with the main power supply. This is to provide the prototype with a backup power supply when there is no power provided from main power supply .This is to prevent and protect the prototype from trip of circuit and critical shut down of the prototype that might cause damage to the hardware of the prototype. Besides, a LCD display (216 characters) is used to display the pressure and temperature measured from the sensors and indicates the condition or status of the control valve and the air compressor which useful for calibration, monitoring, debugging and testing. A buzzer is embedded in the prototype is used as an alarm when the pressure or temperature is above the setpoint set by the user. Project Scope and Methodology This project consisted both of the hardware and software implementation. According to the schedule, construction of the final prototype was ensured to achieve the projects objective. At the same time, software also designed to meet all the fundamental requirements. When the prototype that met the primary objectives was successfully constructed, the remaining projects duration was spent on enhancements of the prototype to make it more durable and reliable. In part one, projects objectives identification and planning had been done. After that, research on some the theoretical background of the project such as types of pressure sensor, temperature sensor, type and size of fittings and tube, types of control valve and the basic electric component for the controller that needed for this project. Electronic components were carefully selected to construct the prototype based of its functionality, reliability and cost. When hardware selection was finalized and decided, a layout for printed circuit board (PCB) was designed and fabricated. After that, a simple program was written to test, calibrate and debug the prototype to make it worked as described in the primary objective. In part two, further enhancements to the prototype were planned and implemented. The mechanical drawing of the prototype had been designed. The mechanical part of the hardware such as pressure sensor, tubing, fitting, control valve is joint up together and the wiring is connected to the into the main board(Controller) of the prototype. Besides, monitoring system of the operation is also embedded to the prototype to ease the user to monitor the operation using a PC in a control room. After all features, were completed, testing was undertaking to ensure the reliability of the whole system. Troubleshooting and debugging phase on software and hardware were necessary to make all the system become more reliable and safe. Structure of the Report This report is divided into six chapters. At the Chapter 1, Introduction to the project which includes Pressure Sensor Controlled Valve Based Microcontroller in general, Project objective, Project overview, Project scope and Methodology had been discussed. In Chapter 2, some theoretical background for this project will be explained and described in details. While in Chapter 3, how hardware designed of this project as well as their functions will be elaborated. Besides, Methodology used for design the hardware also will be discussed in this chapter. Chapter 4 described the Methodology for the software development of this project. Flow chart for the program will be showed and explained. Besides, equipment and tools used to design complete software also will be discussed in this chapter. In Chapter 5, results and discussion will be shown to explain how the pressure sensor control valves based microcontroller performs its operation. On the other hands, the problems encountered while designing the prototype either in hardware or software and how these problems solved will be also discussed in this chapter. Chapter 6 will be the summary and conclusion of the report whether all the fundamental requirements and objectives achieved for Final Year Project. Then, there will be a short recommendation or suggestion to further improve this project so that it can be used in various types of industry environment. Chapter 2: Theoretical Background 2.1 Introduction to Pressure Sensor A pressure sensor is one that will measure the pressure either gasses or liquids. Pressure is an expression of the force required to stop a fluid or gas from expanding, and it can be express as the equation below. [1] P=F/A Where: P  is the pressure, F  is the  normal force, A  is the area. Pressure Units can be expressed as the table below: Table 1: Pressure Unit 2.1.1 Types of Pressure Measurement Basically, pressures sensor can be classified in term of pressure ranges, temperature ranges and most importantly the pressure type. Pressure sensor can be classified in 5 types of pressure measurement which are : Absolute pressure sensor -Whereby the sensor measure the pressure relative to perfect vacuum pressure (0 Psi or no pressure) 2) Gauge pressure sensor -Whereby the sensor measure the pressure relative to given atmospheric pressure. For example when a tire pressure gauge read 0 Psi meaning to say there is 14.7 Psi (atmospheric pressure) in the tire. 3) Vacuum pressure sensor -The sensor is used to measure pressure less than the atmospheric pressure. 4) Differential pressure sensor -The sensor measures the difference between two or more pressures introduced as inputs to the sensing unit. 5) Sealed pressure sensor Whereby the sensor is used to measure the pressure relative to sea level pressure. 2.1.2 Types of Control Signal from Pressure sensor There are two types of Control signal from pressures sensor which are current output and voltage output signal. Current output normally ranged from 4-20ma while the voltage output normally ranged from 1-5Vdc or 1-6Vdc (The voltage output range mostly is depend by the manufacturer or the type of application). The current output and voltage output always start from 4ma and 1Vdc is to check whether the wiring of the pressure sensor is done correctly and to check whether there is faulty at the pressure sensor. For example, if the pressure sensor output a current below 4ma or 1Vdc, we have to check at the pressure sensor because they might be faulty at the pressure sensor. The current output control signal is widely used in many kind of industry compared to voltage output control signal. This is because there is no voltage drop when current output control signal travel a very long distance compare to voltage output control signal. When travelling at a very long distance, voltage output control signal will have disadvantage due to the resistance of the long wire will cause a voltage drop and might give an inaccurate result to the controller. So, the current output control signal tends to give a more accurate result compare to voltage output control signal. Due to limitation at PIC microcontroller which only has Analog-to-Digital Converter, so a voltage output control signal will be more suitable for the project. Types of Application of Pressure sensor A pressure sensor can be widely used in many types of application.For example: [2] 1) Pressure Sensing -The pressure is measure directly using pressure sensors. This is very useful in oil and gas industry, cars, aircraft, and other machinery that has a pressure functionality implemented. 2) Leak Testing -A pressure sensor can be used to sense the decay of pressure due to a system leak. This is done by either comparison to a known leak using differential pressure, or by means of utilizing the pressure sensor to measure pressure change over time. 3) Level Sensing A pressure sensor can also be used to calculate the level of a fluid. This technique is commonly employed to measure the level of contents in a tank (such as in a water tower). For most practical purposes, fluid level is directly proportional to pressure. In the case of fresh water where the contents are under atmospheric pressure, 1psi = 27.7 inH20 / 1Pa = 9.81 mmH20. The basic equation for such a measurement is P  =  p  *  g  *  h Where P = Pressure, p = Density of the Fluid, g = Standard Gravity, h = Height of fluid column above pressure sensor Introduction to Valve A valve is device that is used to regulate the flow of a fluid or gasses by opening and closing or partially obstructing various passageways. A valve can be operating either in manual operation or automatic operation driven by change in pressure, temperature or flow. For manual operation, the opening and closing of the valve is control by using hand wheel, lever or pedal using human force. Meanwhile for the automatic operation, the opening and closing of the valve is control using an actuator .An actuator will stroke the valve depending on its input and set-up, allowing the valve to be positioned accurately, and allowing control over a variety of requirements. Nowadays, Actuators are widely used for the purposes of automatic control such as in washing machine cycles, remote control such as the use of a centralised  control room, or because manual control is too difficult such as when the valve is very large. [3] 2.2.1 Types of Actuator in the Valve Valve can be classified on how they are actuated. Among them are: [3] Hydraulic Pneumatic Manual Solenoid Motor For a hydraulic system actuator valve is normally used to control a high pressure while Pneumatic system actuator valve is normally used to control a medium pressure in application. Meanwhile low pressure, solenoid or motorized system actuator valve can be used. 2.2.2 Application of Valve Valve can vary widely in form and application. The size of the valve is typically range from 0.1mm to 60cm. Some special valve can have a diameter exceeding 5 metres. The cost for a valve is depending on types of the design, material build, range of temperature and pressure and manufacturer. When a designer, engineer, or user decides to use a valve for an application, he/she should ensure the rated maximum temperature and pressure are never exceeded and that the wetted materials are compatible with the fluid the valve interior is exposed to. [3] The industries in which the majority of valves are used are oil and gas, power generation, water reticulation, sewerage and chemical manufacturing. [3] 2.3 Introduction to Tubing Tubing is pipe or a hollow cylinder for the transmission of fluid (liquid or gas). The term of pipe and tubing can be interchangeable although there are minor distinctions exist- basically, tubing imply tighter engineering requirements than pipe. Both pipe and tubing can be varies in different rigidity and permanence. For examples, a hose is normally portable and flexible. Besides, tubing and pipe can be specified by standard pipe size designation. Types of tubing are specified by the actual inside diameter, outside diameter and the wall thickness. [4] 2.3.1 Types of Tubing Basically, there are few types of tubing can be used in industry. Among them are: Copper Tubing Stainless Steel or Aluminium Tubing Plastic Tubing For copper tubing, there are two basic types of copper tubing, soft copper and rigid copper. Copper tubing can be joined using flare connection, compression connection, or sweat (solder). Soft copper tubing can be bent easily to travel around obstacles in the path of the tubing while a rigid copper cannot be bent and must use  elbow fittings  to go around corners or around obstacles. Soft copper is the most popular choice for refrigerant lines in  split-system  air conditioners and heat pumps while rigid copper is most popular choice for water line. [5] For Aluminium Tubing, it is sometimes used in industry because it is resistance to corrosion and solvents, and for its ductility. Besides, aluminium cannot create sparks when there is a transmission of flammable solvent and the weight for aluminium is lighter compare to steel and iron which make it suitable to use in many types of industry. [5] Aluminium tubing can be joined using flare connection, compression connection, or sweat (solder). Aluminium tubing can be used for heat transfer tubing such as in refrigerant systems. [6] For Plastic Tubing, there are few types of plastic tubing which are PVC(polyvinyl chloride) and CPVC, Polyethylene, Rigid Polypropylene, ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and Nylon tubing. The most popular for plastic tubing is PVC. It is rigid, and uses thread or glue connections. Besides, it is available in several of pressure range. [5] Plastic tubing is widely used for its light weight, chemical resistance, non-corrosive properties, and ease of making connections. [6] 2.3.2 Types of Tube Fittings There are many types of connection methods for tubing application in industry. The four most common types of tube fttings connections are: Compression Tube Fittings Flare Fittings Bite-Type Tube Fittings Mechanical Grip-Type Tube Fittings The Compression Tube Fitting was the first tube fitting to be introduced, which consist of three components: nut, body and gasket ring or ferrule. The disadvantages of compression tube fittings was it can withstand only minimal pressure and the remake is very difficult due to the contrustion of the sealing ring. [7] CompressionTube Fitting The Flare Fitting was the another variation in tube fittings designs. The fittings is made up from a nut, sleeve and body with a flare or coned end. During installation of a tubing, a special flaring tools are usually required .The disadvantages of flare fittings is that flaring of the tubing may cause stress riser at the base of the flare or cause the axial cracks on thin tubing. [7] Flare Fitting For Bite-Type Tube Fitting , it is used to accommodate higher pressure application over the compression tube fitting design. The fittings is typically made up with a nut, body and ferrule(s) having a sharp leading edge, which give bites into the skin of the tubing to achieve griping and holding ability. There are two types of design for bite-type tube fittings which are the single ferrule and twin ferrule design. In single ferrule bite, the nose of the ferrule performs two functions. The first function is to bite into the tube to hold it and second function is to provide a sealing element for the coupling body.In twin ferrule bite, the back ferrule is used to bite and provide gripping into tube and the front ferrule is used for sealing element for the coupling body. [7] Single-Ferrule Bite-Type Two-Ferrule Bite Type Meanwhile for Mechanical Grip-Type Tube Fittings are typically two-ferrule in design. The front ferrule is used to seals by coining the surface of the tubing and coupling body. While the back ferrule is used holding action. The back ferrule grip the tube for a distance just out-board from tube holding point of the ferrule nose to enhance vibration resistance. The main advantanges of this design compare to the bite-type fittings is that break and remake of the fitting after installation can be more successfully accomplished without damage to either the fitting components or the tubing. [7] Mechanical- Grip Type 2.4 Introduction to Pipe Thread Basically ,there are two types of standard for pipe thread which are : British Standard Pipe- BSP American National Pipe-NPT/NPS Both of British Standard pipe and American National Pipe is designated by trade size rather than actual diameter. Under BSP, there are two basic types of BSP threads which are the BSPT (British Standard Pipe Taper) which is also know as R threads and BSPP (British Standard Pipe Parallel) which is also known as G threads. Both of the BSPT and BSPP have the same thread angle, shapre and pitch ( threads per inch). The only difference for BSPT and BSPP is BSPT threads are tapered and BSPP threads are straight ( parallel). BSP thread have a 55o include angle and have rounded peaks and valleys. On the other hands, for NPT, there are also two basic types of national pipe threads which are NPT ( National Pipe Taper) abd NPS ( National Pipe Straight) . Both NPT and NPS have the same thread angle, shape, and pitch (threads per inch).   However, NPT threads are tapered and NPS threads are straight (parallel).   Both threads have a 60 ° included angle and have flat peaks and valley 2.4.1 NPT vs BSP Pipe NPT thread are widely used in United State but, BSP thread are more widely used in many other countries.The actual specified outside diameters of American National Pipe is slightly different from British Standard Pipe,.NPT/NPS and BSP thread are not compatible with each another. This is due to the differences in their thread forms and pitch . NPT/NPS threads have a 60 ° included angle and have flattened peaks and valleys while a BSP threads have a 55 ° included angle and have rounded peaks and valleys As conclusion, never ever try to mate a BSP fittings with an NPT or NPS fittings if the pressure holding capability is at all critical. CHAPTER 3 HARDWARE AND SETUP DESIGN In this chapter, the hardware components used to setup the hardware would be elaborated and discussed. Each components features and its operation were studied before proceed to the hardware design. These components were tested on breadboard individually with simple program. The main purpose of this is wanted to determine components and algorithms used are work and function properly. Based on these algorithms, a complete program could be designed to make all the components work in the correct manners. The details about software methodology will be explained at next chapter. After all the hardware components passed the testing, a proper design of Printed Circuit Layout (PCB) was needed. A good and neat design of the PCB would ensure all the components work stability and properly to achieve the project primary objectives. During this stage, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) theory had studied to prevent undesired manners such as noise or crosstalk occurred in the PCB board. Besides , the design drawing of hardware prototype is also had been studied before assembling the hardware prototype. At the last stage, the tubing, fittings, valve, pressures sensor and pressure gauge is assemble carefully in order to prevent gasses leakage from prototype. 3.1 Microcontroller Unit (MCU) A microcontroller is a computer system that runs on a single integrated circuit. It usually consists of Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory unit and Input/Output (I/O) modules. Apart from these, a MCU also contains timers, counters and interrupt scheduling circuitry. Microcontrollers are widely applied in the robotics and embedded system controllers. Different microcontroller models may offer extra peripherals and registers for some applications (eg. UART, SPI, I2C and etc.). They usually run in a fixed oscillating frequency. There are advanced microcontrollers which are 32-bits microcontroller developed nowadays. But, 8-bit microcontrollers are usually sufficient to design a small embedded controller. In this project, Microchip microcontroller had been chosen due to its extra features. For instance, PIC had built-in ADC module to ease the analog to digital signal converting and Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART) module to communicate with PC. 3.2 Microchip PIC Microcontroller PIC stand for Peripheral Interface Controller. Until now, Microchip had developed and manufactured multiple families of PIC microcontroller in different packages. They are several families in a certain category such as PIC10, PIC12, PIC16, and PIC18 in 8-bit PIC microcontrollers, PIC24F, PIC24H, dsPIC30 and dsPIC33 in 16-bit PIC microcontrollers and PIC32 in 32-bit PIC microcontroller. The PIC microcontroller that is used in this project is PIC16F877A. One of the reason this PIC microcontroller was choosen because it is in 40-pin DIP package. It was also chosen because it is powerful and yet easy to program CMOS FLASH with only 25 single word instructions based 8-bit microcontroller. With the 20MHz operating frequency, the PIC only need only 200 nanoseconds to execute and instruction.

Alan Greenspan :: essays research papers

Alan Greenspan took office June 19, 2004, for a fifth term as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Dr. Greenspan also serves as Chairman of the Federal Open Market Committee, the System's principal monetary policymaking body. He originally took office as Chairman and to fill an unexpired term as a member of the Board on August 11, 1987. Dr. Greenspan was reappointed to the Board to a full 14-year term, which began February 1, 1992, and ends January 31, 2006. He has been designated Chairman by Presidents Reagan, Bush, Clinton, and Bush. Dr. Greenspan was born on March 6, 1926, in New York City. He received a B.S. in economics (summa cum laude) in 1948, an M.A. in economics in 1950, and a Ph.D. in economics in 1977, all from New York University. Dr. Greenspan also has performed advanced graduate study at Columbia University. From 1954 to 1974 and from 1977 to 1987, Dr. Greenspan was Chairman and President of Townsend-Greenspan & Co., Inc., an economic consulting firm in New York City. From 1974 to 1977, he served as Chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers under President Ford, and from 1981 to 1983, as Chairman of the National Commission on Social Security Reform. Dr. Greenspan has also served as a member of President Reagan's Economic Policy Advisory Board, a member of Time magazine's Board of Economists, a senior adviser to the Brookings Panel on Economic Activity, and a consultant to the Congressional Budget Office. His previous Presidential appointments include the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, the Commission on Financial Structure and Regulation, the Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, and the Task Force on Economic Growth. Before his appointment to the Board, Dr. Greenspan served as a corporate director for Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa); Automatic Data Processing, Inc.; Capital Cities/ABC, Inc.; General Foods, Inc.; J.P. Morgan & Co., Inc.; Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York; Mobil Corporation; and The Pittston Company. His noncorporate positions have included Member of the Board of Trustees, The Rand Corporation; Director, Institute for International Economics; Member of the Board of Overseers, Hoover Institution (at Stanford University); and Vice Chairman and Trustee, Economic Club of New York. Dr. Greenspan has served as Chairman of the Conference of Business Economists, President and Fellow of the National Association of Business Economists, and Director of the National Economists Club.