Texting while driving should be illegal

Presentation Texting while one is driving can be characterized as that demonstration whereby one sends, peruses, messages or makes instant messages through the cell phone while simultaneously working an engine vehicle (Ishigami Klein 157).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Texting while at the same time driving ought to be unlawful explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the beginning of current innovation, people are presently in a superior situation to discuss effectively with others in spite of their bustling calendars, paying little heed to where they are or what they might be doing at that specific time. This propensity for messaging while at the same time driving has been seen by dominant part of people and specialists as being perilous (McCartt 1). From late investigations that have been led, it has been uncovered that roughly 9 out of 10 American residents matured between 18 years and 36 years hold a similar conviction that messaging whil e at the same time driving is diverting just as dangerous (Beede Kass 415). What's more, roughly 66% of American grown-ups have been seen to email or read instant messages from their cell phones while heading to their different goals. Exposition As much as lion's share of American people and the remainder of the world may concur that messaging while at the same time driving isn't just diverting yet in addition risky, there are a couple of people who may contend that messaging while at the same time driving ought to be made lawful. At the point when SMS, otherwise called Short Message Service was presented in the PDA business, it promptly became clear that it ought to be considered as a peril most definitely (McCartt 3). To think about the two sides of the coin, it is shrewd to express a couple of points of interest and burdens of messaging while at the same time driving. As previously mentioned, the PDA, otherwise called the cell phone has achieved various extravagances and accommod ations that make it adequate for regular individual exercises (Ishigami Klein 158). Those contending that messaging while at the same time driving ought to be caused legitimate to propose that the more youthful age, that is, those between the ages of 18 years to 36 years are better ready to utilize a cell phone and subsequently are viewed as better texters when contrasted with the more seasoned age, those matured between 40 years or more (Beede Kass 416). This is on the grounds that those of the more established age didn't grow up utilizing such innovation not at all like the more youthful ones who have been raised having figured out how to utilize the mobile phones at an early age. Then again, one of the inconveniences of messaging while at the same time driving is a direct result of its sole explanation of making an interruption for that specific individual consequently making them not to give full consideration to the street ahead or the different street signs en route (Beede Kas s 417).Advertising Looking for paper on law? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Texting while at the same time driving ought to be made illicit. In any case, it has been seen from late investigations that have been directed that lion's share of American residents are in finished understanding that messaging while one is driving ought to be restricted as it is the main source of various street mishaps that could have been kept away from (Ishigami Klein 159). A model is given of a person who was en route to Seattle and happened to take his eyes off the street so as to examine an email on his cell phone (McCartt 5). In that exact moment, he hit a Mazda that was before him, which thus cut a green Honda that slammed into a Toyota, before turning into the contrary path (Ishigami Klein 159). It at that point blasted through a city transport that was moving the other way. Luckily nobody was genuinely harmed from the episode. In any case, this is only one of the numerous mishaps that have been caused due to messaging while at the same time driving, some of which have prompted either genuine wounds to the gatherings in question or even passing (Beede Kass 418). A couple of states in American are presently proposing charges that would guarantee fining of drivers whenever discovered messaging while at the same time driving (McCartt 11). Flow laws as concerns street wellbeing just permit law authorization officials to pull over drivers who have been discovered messaging while at the same time driving in the event that they have submitted another law just as far as street security is concerned. In the event that these bills are acknowledged, endorsed and passed, law masters will pull over drivers discovered messaging while at the same time driving regardless of whether no other law has been submitted (Beede Kass 420). In the conditions of New Jersey, Washington, Virgin Islands and California, laws forbidding the utilizat ion of PDAs while driving are as of now being executed. Those discovered damaging this law are fined up to $100. End In request for messaging while at the same time heading to get unlawful, governments just as social orders when all is said in done need to add to the execution of strategies and laws set out consequently. For example, guardians ought to unmistakably express the outcomes required as concerns violating the law while driving as this has been seen to be a significant giver in the counteraction of pointless street mishaps. The more seasoned age or grown-ups ought to be a genuine model for the more youthful ones through fortification of good driving propensities just as lauding their endeavors in making the wisest decision under the street security laws and regulations.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Texting while at the same time driving ought to be unlawful explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Beede, Kristen E. what's more, Kass, Steven J. â€Å"Engrossed in Conversation: The Impact of Cell Phones on Simulated Driving Performance.† Accident Analysis Prevention. 2006. Pp. 415 †421. Ishigami, Yoko and Klein, Raymond M. â€Å"Is a without hands Phone Safer than a Handheld Phone?† Journal of Safety Research, 40. 2009. Pp. 157 †164. McCartt, Anne T. Headed to Distraction: Technological Devices and Vehicle Safety. Arlington, Va: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. 2009. Pp. 1 †15. This article on Texting while at the same time driving ought to be illicit was composed and put together by client Angelica J. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

The Formula for the Combined Gas Law

The Formula for the Combined Gas Law The joined gas law integrates Boyles law, Charles law, and Gay-Lussacs law. Fundamentally, it expresses that as long as the measure of gas doesnt change, the proportion between the weight volume and temperature of a framework is a consistent. There is no pioneer of the law as it just assembles ideas from different instances of the perfect gas law. The Combined Gas Law Formula The consolidated gas law looks at the conduct of a consistent measure of gas when weight, volume as well as temperature is permitted to change. The most straightforward numerical recipe for the consolidated gas law is: k PV/T In words,â the result of weight increased by volume and partitioned by temperature is a consistent. Be that as it may, the law is typically used to analyze previously/after conditions. The consolidated gas law is communicated as: PiVi/Ti PfVf/Tf where: Pi starting pressureVi introductory volumeTi beginning total temperaturePf last pressureVf last volumeTf last outright temperature It is critical to recollect that the temperatures are supreme temperatures estimated in Kelvin, NOT  °C or  °F. It is additionally imperative to keep your units steady. Try not to utilize pounds per square inch for pressures at first to discover Pascals in the last arrangement. Employments of the Combined Gas Law The consolidated gas law has down to earth applications in circumstances where weight, volume, or temperature can change. It is utilized in building, thermodynamics, liquid mechanics, and meteorology. For instance, it tends to be utilized to foresee cloud development and the conduct of refrigerants in climate control systems and fridges.

Puzzled Solution

Puzzled Solution If you continue reading this entry, youll get the puzzle solution. Let me know what you think of the puzzle. Too hard, too easy, too short, too long? And later tonight, get the exciting story of how I braved Mass. Ave on Saturday against oncoming traffic as the clock struck midnight. Dissecting the puzzle: Title: Come and Ride It Discussion: Nothing too helpful here immediately, but the title might make more sense after you solve the puzzle. Flavor Text: Lost in the jungle, Joe is befriended by a group of warrior women with a quiver of arrows. They give Joe this series of directions to follow to find the train home. Discussion: Sometimes the text included with the puzzle gives you hints as to how to solve the puzzle. Reading this passage closely would clue you into the story of the Amazon women. Hmm amazon.com maybe? MAP: START HERE (at the X) X 0 5 2 9 6 3 1 2 6 2 0 8 8 7 3 1 2 5 4 5 7 7 5 0 4 2 3 6 5 4 8 6 9 8 2 1 4 5 3 6 4 7 5 Discussion: This is just a map, cant do too much with it unless you know how to traverse it. CLUES: A few of these items might help you as well. Fourth in Malibu Sands Summer Sixth in Raven Symones 1st Third in Greek A + Roman V Thirteenth in Mr Tumnus Eighth in Ugachaka Law Case Tenth in Popcorn Christmas Tree Decorations Second in Mr. Feenys Dashboard Dilemma Seventeenth in the Case of the Sleeping Dog Tenth in the Mirror of Erised Seventh in a Series of Unfortunate Events Follow these directions and youll find your way. Discussion: Basically, each clue refers to either a book or television series somehow. Malibu Sands Summer - Saved by the Bell Raven Symones First - The Cosby Show Greek A + Roman V (Alpha 5) - Power Rangers Mr. Tumnus - The Chronicles of Narnia Ugachaka Law Case - Ally McBeal Popcorn Christmas Tree Decorations - Amelia Bedelia Mr. Feenys Dashboard Dilemma - Knight Rider Case of the Sleeping Dog - Encyclopedia Brown Mirror of Erised - Harry Potter Series of Unfortunate Events - Lemony Snickets Series of Unfortunate Events Next (puzzles arent normally short) if you take the index of each of the clue answers, you get ESWSEENNES which are cardinal directions, and if you go back to the map, you get 0807508527 which is the length of the ISBN number for this book, The Boxcar Children. I was feeling a little nostalgic about 2nd grade on the way to work that day. Now does the title make a little more sense?

Analysis Of The Awakening - 1032 Words

In Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, she writes about a woman’s desire to find and live fully within her true self during the 1890s in Louisiana. The woman, Edna Pontellier, is trying to find herself in the masculine society of Louisiana, leading her to cause friction with friends, family and the Creole society. Edna begins to feel a change; she begins to feel like a whole person with wants, interests and desires. She learns that she is not comfortable with being a wife and mother. The imagery of the parrot in the cage in Chopin’s novel is being compared to Edna because it represents Edna’s unspoken feelings and imprisonment. The sense of unspoken feelings and imprisonment of Edna causes her to put her own needs before her family. As Edna finds herself trying to satisfy the Creole society, she begins to feel isolated and confused. Through Edna’s trace of freedom, she begins to undergo a transformation of self, slowly straying away from society, and tak ing control over her own actions and beliefs. Through obstacles to Edna’s freedom, she learns that she does have control of her own body. The symbolism of the birds and the sea is used to symbolize Edna’s struggle for independence. Chopin’s character Edna Pontellier in The Awakening represents a caged bird that is not able act on how she feels. The caged birds serves as a reminder to Edna that she is caged in a role as a wife and mother, and she is not to think of herself. In general, the caged birds symbolize the role ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Awakening 949 Words   |  4 Pagesand discriminating stereotypes are often praised for this fearless selflessness. These women give other women hope for a future where they will be considered equal to men. They rise against all oppression that is wrong and unjust. In the novel The Awakening Edna Pontellier is seen as a feminist, her rebellion to everything she believed was oppression marked an impression on the readers. Yet is it correct to refer to Edna as a feminist? Does she rebel against oppression for the good of the oppressedRead MoreThe Awakening Analysis886 Words   |  4 Pagesvalue of one’s life. In The Awakening, Kate Chopin implicitly conveys the sacrifice Edna Pontellier makes in the life which provides insight of her character and attributions to her â€Å"awakening.† She sacrificed her past of a lively and youthful life and compressed it to a domestic and reserved lifestyle of housewife picturesque. However, she meets multiple acquaintances who help her express her dreams and true identity. Mrs. Pontellier’s sacrifice established her awakening to be defiant and drift awayRead MoreThe Awakening Analysis997 Words   |  4 PagesChopin The Awakening, the main character Edna is conflicted with her urges and what society expects of her. The novel was written to challenge the stereotypical rules that controlled the roles of men and women. The Awakening was published in 1899, and was set in the Creole part of Louisiana, and during this time women were still considered to be the property of their husbands. The woman had no say so in any conversation they could only go with what thier husbands wanted. The Awakening is story thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Awakening 949 Words   |  4 Pagesand discriminating stereotypes are often praised for this fearless selflessness. These women give other women hope for a future where they will be considered equal to men. They rise against all oppression that is wrong and unjust. In the novel The Awakening Edna Pontellier is seen as a feminist, her rebellion to everything she believed was oppression marked an impression on the readers. Yet is it correct to refer to Edna as a feminist? Does she rebel against oppression for the good of the oppressedRead MoreFeminist Analysis Of The Awakening 1438 Words   |  6 PagesComposition 10 March 2016 Feminist Analysis of The Awakening In The Awakening, Kate Chopin creates a protagonist that clearly demonstrates a feminist. The protagonist, Edna Pontellier seeks more from life than what she is living and starts to refuse the standards of the society she lives in. Edna has many moments of awakening resulting in creating a new person for herself. She starts to see the life of freedom and individuality she wants to live. The Awakening encourages feminism as a way for womenRead MoreThe Awakening Critical Analysis1596 Words   |  7 Pages The Awakening by Kate Chopin Critical Analysis The novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, was written during the late 19th century, when the feminist movement was in its infancy. During that era, the novel was yet to be discovered and the few considered it as a disgrace. Many thought that it portrayed a negative example of how a women should think and behave. Women during that era expected the book to be more â€Å"sophisticated† and â€Å"ladylike,† but Chopin had a different view of how women shouldRead MoreThe Awakening Historicism Analysis968 Words   |  4 PagesA New Historicism Analysis of The Awakening Kate Chopin’s The Awakening is a story written in the late 19th century about a woman named Edna becoming independent and finding herself in a time when women had little to no rights and people saw them as the property of their husband. This is a new historicism literary criticism, analyzing how what was going on in the time period influenced this novel. Racism, sexism, and feminism were all going on at this time and therefore influenced it greatly. DuringRead MoreWolffs Analysis of Chopins The Awakening647 Words   |  3 PagesWolff’s Analysis of Chopin’s The Awakening In her essay Un-Utterable Longing: The Discourse of Feminine Sexuality in Kate Chopins The Awakening, Cynthia Griffin Wolff creates what Ross Murfin describes as a critical whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. (376) By employing a variety of critical approaches (including feminist, gender, cultural, new historicism, psychoanalytic and deconstruction) Wolff offers the reader a more complete (albeit complex) explanation of Edna PontelliersRead More Critical Analysis of The Awakening Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Analysis of The Awakening The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, is the story of a woman who is seeking freedom. Edna Pontellier feels confined in her role as mother and wife and finds freedom in her romantic interest, Robert Lebrun. Although she views Robert as her liberator, he is the ultimate cause of her demise. Edna sees Robert as an image of freedom, which brings her to rebel against her role in society. This pursuit of freedom, however, causes her death. Chopin uses manyRead MoreThe Awakening Feminist Analysis1270 Words   |  6 PagesThe influence of culture within society may lead to detrimental outcomes. Oppression is not the intention of society, though through harsh political and social standards one will feel compelled to make brash decisions. Kate Chopin, author of The Awakening, provides feminist criticism of traditional motherhood, marriage, and conformity. Edna Pontellier, the female protagonist within the novel, grows to desire independence and control over her life. Throughout the st ory, Edna epitomizes a feminist attitude

A Brief Note On Texas s Fracking Conflict - 1076 Words

Devon Drew Professor Ronald Burnett Government 2306 3 July 2015 Texas’s Fracking Conflict One of the issues that Texas is currently facing is rooted in a populous industry, fracking. Texas has always been known for being oil and gas friendly, but cities are becoming weary about this industry invading highly populated suburban areas. While local governments have been able to block out drilling and gas wells for some time now, the state has taken a position that is becoming increasingly supportive of the oil and gas industry. To define fracking in latent terms, it’s the process of injecting liquids into rock at high pressures in order to extract oil and gas. The biggest concern looming over this growing industry is the environmental risks that it poses. Everyone wants oil, but no one wants it in their backyard. The cities of Texas are taking the position that fracking has more disadvantages environmentally than it has benefits that outweigh those costs. Not only is clean air in danger, but water sources are vulnerable to this environ mentally-unfriendly commerce. The most common liquid used for fracking is water, and very large amounts of water are consistently required, but where is all of this water coming from? Other concerns that fracking causes such as contamination, â€Å"methane gas and toxic chemicals leach out from the system and contaminate nearby groundwater. Methane concentrations are 17 times higher in drinking-water wells near fracturing sites than in normal wells†

Compare and Contrast St. Sernin to Dome of the Rock

Edgar Hermosillo Emmanuel Moreno Architecture History 1301 17 November 2012 Compare and Contrast My compare and contrast will be on the Basilica of St. Sernin in Toulouse and one of the most famous Islamic sites, the Dome of the Rock. I will be comparing what similarities and what differences these two great buildings have to one another. Let’s start with the differences, since these two buildings will probably have a lot. With the Basilica of St. Sernin we find that the floor plan is made to resemble a cross, where the Dome of the Rock has an octagon shaped outer wall. The entrance of the Basilica of St. Sernin has two arched entrances which are sunken in where in the Dome of the Rock the entrances are popped out with 2†¦show more content†¦Well in conclusion, you have just read the similarities and the differences between these great buildings. We discussed how the Basilica of St. Sernin compares to the Dome of the Rock in its floor plan, its appearance, and its purpose. We also explored the likenesses of these buildings by visiting their great looks, their beautiful decorative features, and their inspiring locations. Thank you for your

Organizational Change Management for French-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Change Management for French and Raven. Answer: Impact of countrys culture in use of power to initiate change program Change management refers to the framework which is used by managers to identify the change present in the organization and rectify them. Power is an important factor which helps the manager to apply change in an organization. The aim of below mentioned paper is to analyze and evaluate the cultural dimensions of two countries namely Singapore and Australia. It also explains the influence of such culture on the French and Raven Five bases of power. The latter part of the paper tells about how the use of power would be effective and ineffective in an organization change program depending on the culture of a particular country. Further, power refers to an important tool which helps the manger to initiate their decisions in an organization. Without power, no manager can ask the employees to work according to their direction. Also, it should be noted that power is not present with all; instead it is divided on the basis of responsibility and authority assigned to them. Relating the power with the hofstedes dimension, it should be noted that the cultural dimension model explains the cultural features of the people of the country which helps in analyzing which should be used by them (Blanger, et. al., 2016, 287-300). There are specifically six dimensions in the model that are, power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, long term orientation, indulgence and lastly masculinity. Further, it should be noted that there is presence of diversity in the country Singapore as there are 77% of Chinese, 15% of Malay, 6% of Indians and lastly 2% of other expatriate society. And on the other hand, the country Aust ralia has majority of people who belong to British community (67%) and it has presence of some European culture within them and only 2% of aboriginal natives are present in the country (Chua, Roy, Yannig Roth, and Jean-Franois Lemoine 2015, 189-227). The first dimension that is power distance talks about the degree to which less powerful member of the society are drifted or motivated with the more powerful member of the society. It talks about the ways in which power is distributed unequally and how people handle such inequality in the society. In the country Singapore, people are more dependent on their superior in the society, so there is very low degree of power distance in the society. People do not take any decision themselves; employees in the organization are more dependent on their manager to take actions. As the Chinese people believe in the Confucian teaching due to which a large segment of the society initiate such activities in the environment (Ferraro, Gary and Elizabeth Briody 2017). Whereas, on the other hand, people of Australia have a relatively high degree of power distance attribute under them. They do not prefer seeking permission of someone to take actions. Also there is presence of flat organizational struct ure which motivates the employees to take responsibility and initiate actions for the betterment of the company. The second dimension that is individualism versus collectivism tells about the degree of which people of a country want to nurture themselves and their immediate families. Collectivism talks about the attribute to which people want to take of themselves and their relatives in the society and become whole heartedly responsible for their wellbeing and wellness. The loosely knit group in the society tells about the belief of people in used the feeling of I and the tightly knit group represents the feeling of WE (Yeo, Su Lin, and Augustine Pang 2017, 112-122). Talking about the culture it should be noted that the people of this country score a low grade, as there love taking care of their extended families and depending on each other for existence. Whereas, in the country Australia, people are deeply connected to each other, they only take care of themselves and their immedia te family. They have a strong feeling of individualism under them and they prefer being independent at the workplace and in personal life as well (Stone, Dianna and Diana Deadrick 2015, 139-145). Further, masculinity versus femininity refers to the dimension those talks about the acceptance of people for the monetary benefits and heroism in the society. Whereas, femininity in the society represents act of modesty in the society, it talks about the qualitative growth of a person in the society and masculinity talks about quantitative growth in the society. The country Singapore in this case falls under category of femininity (Aiello, et. al., 2018). The society is little more inclined towards femininity in this case as the score is 48. Whereas Australia scores 61 in this dimension which talks about their dominance in the society. This aspect also talks about the fight between tough and tender. So, it should be noted that people of Australia have strong belief in working shoulder to shoulder in the market. Further, uncertainty avoidance refers to the degree to which people in a society manages to with the future coming problems. It talks about the ways in which people reacts on unknown situations coming on their way. Singapore in case of uncertainty avoidance scores 8 whereas 51 are scored by Australia. The score of Singapore tells that the people respects the rules and regulations and aims to avoid the problems by complying them. Whereas, in the case of Australia, the country do not follow all the rules instead the only follow the ones that they think are important (Todnem By, Rune 2005, 369-380). Long term orientation versus short term normative orientation talks about the ways in which people initiate their future business activities by looking forward and backward at the same time. People of Singapore take long term approach by understanding their past experiences and then correctly applying them in the future goals. The country score 72 in this case. Whereas, people of Australia take relatively short term goals in the future prospects. The last dimension of the Hofstedes approach is indulgence versus restraint which refers to the degree to which peop le try to control their emotions and feelings for certain things in the society. People of Australia are more indulgent as they score 71 in this field whereas people of Singapore are more restraint as they score 41 in this field. It states that Singaporeans hide their feelings within them (Soares, Ana Maria, Minoo Farhangmehr, and Aviv Shoham 2007, 277-284). The above discussed analysis explains the culture of two countries that are Australia and Singapore. Now relating it to the French and Raven five bases of power it should be noted that this model explains five different types of power namely, legitimacy, expert, reward, reference and coercive. Legitimate refers to the power which is attained to a person who can formally restrain and initiate a person to work according to their decision. Under this process, one person obliges to another person to work according to them (Barth-Farkas, Faye, and Antonio Vera 2014, 217-232). The main reason for such power is their designation which gives them opportunity to assign work to people in an organization. This type of power is mainly concentrated with manager, CEO, politicians etc. in the society. Also, with the loss of designation, the power to lose the right to authorize work to people, they no longer hold the responsibility to assign work to their subordinates. Another aspect of five bases o f power that is coercive talks about the power to punish their employees. This power explains that the person who is in power has the right to punish their employees for the non-compliance of an event. Under this case, the decision of the leader is followed by the rewards and punishment given to the respective employee (Liao, Li-Fen 2008,169-182). The decision does not hold its effectiveness in this case if they do not punish or reward the employee according to this power. Further, the expert power talks about the under which the leader helps their subordinates to complete their work on time without facing issues. The leader is person who has adequate knowledge of the work, so this power gives the opportunity to the leader to guide the employees to work properly in an organization. The skills and capabilities of a leader are used to guide and motivate the employees. Under the power of reward, the leader attains the opportunity to reward their employees work every good work which the y implement in the organization. And lastly, referent refers to the power to deal with a persons likes and dislikes and generate respect for them (Mackenzie, Kenneth Robert Golembiewski, and Afzalur Rahim 2018). As discussed above, both the aspects culture and power impacts the change management program initiated in an organization. According to the power distance dimension in the country Singapore, the leaders should use the power of legitimate. The country should use such type of power so as to satisfy the feature of high power distance in the society. Whereas on the other hand Australia has low score in this case and high score in masculinity so they should use the power of reward. In the country Australia, people believes in individuality and masculinity so the leaders in this case should use the power of reward to satisfy the employees and provide them for the work which they have done well (Golembiewski, Robert 2018). The leaders who provide rewards initiate their actions successfully in the Australian market because at the end every person works to earn a sustainable livelihood. This will help them to earn income over and above their normal costs. Being an individualistic society, the employees aims to earn a good living so that they can easily maintain their cost of living. Thus, with this process a mutual interest relationship is created between the employees and the managers. Thus, it should be noted that if the leaders will use the power of reward then they will easily initiate their activities in all types of environment without facing any denial from the employees. Contradicting it to the power used in the country Singapore, it should be noted that the country is a collectivist society where the employees need a ruling authority that can assign the duties to their employees and ask them to work on that (Rosemann, Michael, and Jan vom Brocke 2015). Furthermore, change in an organization can only be implemented if adequate amount of power is used by adequate person in the society. No person can hold the efficiency of their decision if they do not have adequate powers in their hand. Organizational change management is a process which is used by organizations to deal with the change management in the process (Fullan, Michael 2014). This process is initiated by the person who has some responsibilities in the company like manager, CEO, board of directors etc. It should be noted that use of power in change program would be more effective if the type of power used by the leader matches to the specifications of the culture of the country. Like in the given case of Singapore, as there is presence of power distance in the society so if the leaders will use the power of expert in their activities then the change program will not hold efficiency in their system. So the power used should match to the culture of the society (Moran, Robert Ne il Remington Abramson, and Sarah Moran 2014). Thus, legitimate power gives opportunity to the leader to provide responsibility to employees to work on specific task which will make them obliged to complete the work. Thus, in this way the change program can be initiated efficiently. Further in the country, people are freer and want to earn well for a good cost of living. So, the use of reward power will implement the purpose of change program in the companies (Lasserre, Philippe 2017). Thus, in the limelight of above mentioned events, it should be noted that power is a highly distinctive feature which should be received to all people in an organization. The right person should attain the power to initiate the change management program in the organization. The leader should use the power according to the environment in which they are living. The above mentioned paper explains the use of power in change program and how it gets affected with different cultures of different countries like Australia and Singapore. References Aiello, Antonio, Alessio Tesi, Felicia Pratto, and Antonio Pierro. "Social dominance and interpersonal power: Asymmetrical relationships within hierarchy?enhancing and hierarchy?attenuating work environments."Journal of Applied Social Psychology(2018). Barth-Farkas, Faye, and Antonio Vera. "Power and transformational leadership in public organizations."International journal of leadership in public services10, no. 4 (2014): 217-232. Blanger, Jocelyn J., Antonio Pierro, Barbara Barbieri, Nicola A. De Carlo, Alessandra Falco, and Arie W. Kruglanski. "One size doesnt fit all: the influence of supervisors power tactics and subordinates need for cognitive closure on burnout and stress."European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology25, no. 2 (2016): 287-300. Chua, Roy YJ, Yannig Roth, and Jean-Franois Lemoine. "The impact of culture on creativity: How cultural tightness and cultural distance affect global innovation crowdsourcing work."Administrative Science Quarterly60, no. 2 (2015): 189-227. Ferraro, Gary P., and Elizabeth K. Briody.The cultural dimension of global business. Taylor Francis, 2017. Fullan, Michael.Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John Wiley Sons, 2014. Golembiewski, Robert, ed.Current topics in management. Vol. 8. Routledge, 2018. Lasserre, Philippe.Global strategic management. Palgrave, 2017. Liao, Li-Fen. "Impact of manager's social power on RD employees' knowledge-sharing behaviour."International Journal of Technology Management41, no. 1-2 (2008): 169-182. Mackenzie, Kenneth D., Robert T. Golembiewski, and M. Afzalur Rahim. "Introduction." InCurrent Topics in Management, pp. 9-24. Routledge, 2018. Moran, Robert T., Neil Remington Abramson, and Sarah V. Moran.Managing cultural differences. Routledge, 2014. Rosemann, Michael, and Jan vom Brocke. "The six core elements of business process management." InHandbook on business process management 1, pp. 105-122. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. Soares, Ana Maria, Minoo Farhangmehr, and Aviv Shoham. "Hofstede's dimensions of culture in international marketing studies."Journal of business research60, no. 3 (2007): 277-284. Stone, Dianna L., and Diana L. Deadrick. "Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management."Human Resource Management Review25, no. 2 (2015): 139-145. Todnem By, Rune. "Organisational change management: A critical review."Journal of change management5, no. 4 (2005): 369-380. Yeo, Su Lin, and Augustine Pang. "Asian multiculturalism in communication: Impact of culture in the practice of public relations in Singapore."Public Relations Review43, no. 1 (2017): 112-122.

Confucius Essays (255 words) - Confucianism, Philosophy, Religion

Confucius The life of the great teacher and philosopher of China,Confucius was hard for him because his father died when he was only three and he lived with his father's second wife.He was born 551 B.C. and died 479 B.C.When he was alive he was a great influence on China and it's ways of life.He was born into a noble famliy and was noble to everyone who asked for something of him and it was either teaching or a task he would do it if it was right. When Confucius was born he had another name,his real name was Chung-ni.He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters and his mother died at 527 B.C.Confucius in his late life,saidAt,15 I set my heart on learning.At 30,I was firmly established.At 40 I had no more doubts.At 50 I knew the will of Heaven.At 60 I was ready to listen to it.At 70,I could follow my heart's desire without transgressing what is right.When Confucius grew he was at a unusual height and people called him long fellow. Confucius had at least 3,000 pupils and 72 of them mastered the 6 arts - rituals,music ,archery,charioteering,literature and mathematics. People used to think he was a superior man of wisdom.He also urged a system of morality and statecraft that would preserve peace and provide people with stable and just governments. Philosophy

Dance Critique Research Paper Example

Dance Critique Research Paper Example Dance Critique Paper Dance Critique Paper Each dance performers piece is different. Some tell stories and paint pictures, while other are for entertainment. As I watched the performances of each male and female dancer I analyzed each aspect of the dance. This included music, technique, attire, as well as many other important aspects. One piece that stood out to me was the Contemporary piece performed by G. D. Harris. This dance was performed with African Tribe music. Also the male dancer word e a feathery African inspired bottom. The movements throughout the dance were graceful UT distinct. I observed this from the very strong emphasis of shoulder movements. The m USIA was pretty fair rhythmic tempo, not too fast or slow. As I watched the excerpt of this dance I realize the movements were to port ay a bird. One reason being the way the male performer walked on stage. Another example is to how the dancer placed his arms. This piece very much reminded me Of a ostrich wand erring an area during African time. In my opinion the choreographers were successful in communicating their into .NET. The dance attire went very well with the music. The layout from clothing to music and movement painted a very vivid picture as to what is being told. One big strength to me w loud have to be the distinct incorporation of ostrich movements. My overall critique would have to be a positive response. I would encourage o there to watch this piece. It was boring and stale but still painted the image as intended d. All of the props such as music,clothing, and movements went along well together. Would De finitely watch more performance pieces from this choreographer.

Will financially aid helping poor people lead to a sustainable future Essay

Will financially aid helping poor people lead to a sustainable future - Essay Example g" in his article "Lifeboat Ethics: the Case Against Helping the Poor" that, "As an ancient Chinese proverb goes: â€Å"Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day; teach him how to fish and he will eat for the rest of his days† (Hardin 22). To my point of view, helping the poor is not a good way for them. For a sustainable development, the best way is to teach them how to fight with the period of economic downturn instead of hand out useless helps. Moreover, keep financially aiding the poor will cause them do not attempt to make progress. Therefore, financially aid to poor people is not a perfect solution for poverty because it is not leading them to a sustainable future. Aiding the poor will not offer solution to the poor countries and individuals around the world as the earth can only support limited number of people. Financial aid will lead to increase in population with adverse effect on sustainability of nature. For positive alternatives to ending poverty in poor countries, the world should work towards a sustainable future. The natural resources are diminishing and peoples demands are increasing day by day, as well as the gaps of income are widening too. Therefore, sustainability is the way to go, where every individual will have a decent standard of living. The journey to a sustainable future should be done in a way that does not compromise the future generation’s needs. Thus, sustainable solutions must be done in a way that would get people out of poverty and at the same time protect the environment (Jones 39). Sustainability solutions should also consider such things like providing access to agriculture technology that doesn’t lead to climate change, providing food and water, and providing nutrition for all needy people, shaping cities in way that encourages quality of life that is decent, building effective infrastructure without causing pollution and congestion, making s ure that the marine life is free from climate change and pollution, and making

Discipline Investigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Discipline Investigation - Essay Example This discipline investigation helped me to understand the role of the project manager in an organization as a well as the requirements of the position. The paper will expand on the interviewee’s background, career path as well as his responsibilities and roles as a project manager in an organization. Interview Summary Background and Career Path The subject of the interview is called Dr Sridar, a senior project manager at Cisco Company. Dr Sridar has also taught at San Jose State University for over twelve years and worked for over six years at the Cisco Company. Initially, before joining the Cisco Company as project manager, Dr Sridar has served in various institutions. Sridar started as an ordinary employee in the company before working hard to attain an administrative position. Dr Sridar later became the assistant project manager in the company before becoming a full project manager. His past experiences gave him the required experience in dealing with issues that affect the project management department. ... Needed The 6 years experience in management position has proved to be effective in advancing Dr, Sridar’s experiences and competencies in his management roles. In his management responsibility, Dr. Sridar makes maximum use of past work experiences, skills, and competencies on information technology network management, Information technology project management and Information technology business intelligence. Dr. Sridar was motivated to work as a project manager in the Cisco Company by different conflicting reasons. To begin with, Dr. Sridar had over the years acquired adequate knowledge in business management. The management position in the Cisco Company gave Dr. Sridar an opportunity to do more research and learn more on business operations and management. Dr. Sridar is highly motivated by his desire to acquire more knowledge on information technology invention, and innovation. In his career path, Dr. Sridar’s interest to join Cisco Company as a project manager was mot ivated by his endless desire to work in a competitive and popular company in the country. However, despite being invited to work in big companies, Dr Sridar had a strong desire to work in the company. The interviewee’s current job was motivated by his personal initiative as well as his past knowledge and experience. Before joining the management position in the Cisco Company, one is expected to have certain essential skills, competencies, and experiences. A project manager in the Cisco Company is expected to have a post graduate degree in business management. The manager should also have the ability to conduct relevant and valuable research relevant in the company’s operations and goals. The Cisco Company’s project manager should have the interest and capability of arguing and thinking in a

Impact of Information Technology Outsourcing

Impact of Information Technology Outsourcing Introduction Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) will continue to have a major impact on all organizations and will over time increasingly becomes an integral part of the organizations strategy. Various aspects within the metamorphosis of ITO will be covered but not necessarily detailed. ITO has become a global phenomenon. Globalization with some distinct drivers in technology evolution has reshaped the market place and given rise to the advent of the digital age. Sustainable competitive business strategy will need to embrace this opportunity and will need to seek enablers to exploit it. IT, by virtue of the web and broadband communications in particular, allows an organization to fulfill this need. Further decrease in costs communication, increase in broadband capacity and web collaborations accelerates the process. Definitions Outsourcing has variously been defined by scholars in the Information Systems (IS) literature as follows: â€Å"The significant contribution of external suppliers in the physical and/or human resources associated with the entire or specific component of the IT infrastructure in the user organization.†(Loh and Venkataraman,1997) Outsourcing occurs when third party vendors are responsible for managing the Information Technology components on behalf of their clients. IT Outsourcing means handing over the management of some or all of an organization’s information technology (IT), systems (IS) and related services to a third party.†(Willcocks et al.,1998) †¦business practice in which a company contracts all or part of its information systems operations to one or more outside information service suppliers (Hu et al., 1997, p. 288) â€Å"Outsourcing is the handover of an activity to an external supplier. It is an alternative to internal production†(Aubert et al.,2003) â€Å"IS sourcing† is the organizational arrangement instituted for obtaining IS services and the management of resources and activities required for producing these services (Dibbern et al., 2004 , p. 11). Therefore outsourcing involves the transfer of the responsibility for carrying out an activity (previously carried on internally) to an external service provider against agreed service levels at an agreed charge. History ITO has received great attention for scholars and researchers since the mid 1990’s but it’s been around for a while as per the examples below: 1963 – Electronic Data Systems (EDS under Ross Perot) signs an agreement with Blue Cross for handling of its data processing services. Mid-1980s EDS signed contracts with Continental Airlines, First City Bank and Enron. 1989 – Kodak outsources its IS function to IBM, DEC Businessland (â€Å"Kodak Effect†) being the most notable example. More recent developments (Kern and Willcocks 2000, Ross and Westerman 2004, Kishore 2003, Kaiser 2004, Lander 2004, IBM 2004, Smith and McKeen 2004), suggests motivation is more strategic in nature with the goal of improving the business’ competitive advantage. It’s clear that ITO is not quite a new phenomenon but increasingly more prominent in this era where it is prevalent in almost every facet of business. The industry evolved from monolithic mainframe to pervasive computing. A survey of the London Stock Exchange FTSE Index over a period of three years found a generally positive relationship between high levels of outsourcing and enhanced stock market performance. Reasons for outsourcing Organizations adopt ITO for various reasons (Turban et al, 2006). The ever dynamic evolution within the IT sector grants great opportunity to business. The following reasons were invariably most common as per numerous surveys done and researched globally: Cost reduction This has been the foremost reason to outsource as senior executives’ only views the IT function as a noncore activity and a necessary cost to be minimized. Economic pressures are also external factors that lead to advent of ITO. Lacity and Willcocks(2001) explains that cost savings are no longer a major reason for outsourcing. Focus on core competency Business deems IT as a cost centre and excludes it from its core strategy. With increased shareholder demands organisations feel they need to refocus on broader business issues other than technology. Organizations places more focus on their â€Å"core competency† business (Field, 1999). Access to specialist expertise and technology Highly skilled labour comes at a cost and also the technology and is also not readily available. ITO is not only for cost savings but as a tool for utilizing state of the art expertise and technology through their service providers (Field, 1999). However of late, the companies with strong IT capabilities, such as IBM, Microsoft and SUN, are also outsourcing some of their IT functions to concentrate on their core-responsibilities and reduce costs to the economies of scale. Decision Making In the past, organizations used frameworks and models as guidelines for assessing their current state and determining future strategic actions (Gorry and Scott-Morton 1971, Nolan 1973, Luftman 1999, Venkatraman and Henderson 1993). More organizations are considering ITO as part of their strategic thinking. Organizations use ITO as a method to reduce costs, achieve efficiency and flexibility but many don’t realize the benefits due to bad decision making. ITO decision-making is a process and requires careful scrutiny before being finalized. ITO decision making process addresses a wide range of issues, such as economical (eg., financial feasibility), technological and political .This process starts with an in-house assessment of the IT capabilities which should highlight to management activities that can potentially be outsourced. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunity, Threats) analysis could be used to substantiate the need whether ITO can possibly be used to negate those threats and weaknesses or whether at all necessary to explore ITO. The facts gathered should include a baseline and evaluation of the current environment which should be made available for executive management approval. Knowledge within the strategic decision at this higher level can thus be descriptive (know-what), procedural (know-how) or reasoning (know-why) (Fahey et al., 2001; Holsapple Singh, 2000). Case studies within surveys conducted by M.C.Lacity,L.P.Willcocks and D.F.Feeny published in the Sloan Management Review(Spring 1996) summarizes the ITO process. The abovementioned reasons were most common in their samples. Scope of sourcing Sourcing is often referred to in IT literature as outsourcing. The research delineates four categories of sourcing: Total outsourcing is where all IT activities including assets and management become the responsibility of a third-party vendor. Total insourcing refers to the in-house management of IT activities where external or internal staff is used with the buying in of the vendor resources to meet a temporary need. Vendor resources are only used to supplement the internally managed teams. Selective sourcing locates selected IT activities to vendors while the customer remained responsible for delivering the result and will be held accountable. De facto insourcing uses internal IT departments to provide products and services that arise from historical precedent, rather than from a reasoned evaluation of the IT service market. Considerations of sourcing Critical review of above categories found that the all-or-nothing approach ( total outsourcing) characterized by long-term(5 years or more) deals can lead to trouble after a few years as exemplified in the case studies due to: Senior Management approach ITO like any other make-or-buy decision where ubiquitous IT applications across business functions complicate matters. Lost alignment between business and IT strategies. Failed promises to access new technologies. Processing power cost depreciates at an average of 20 percent annually due the IT capabilities evolvement. And contractual costs soared greater than market prices. Termination of such contracts was found to be prohibitively expense. Research found that those who approach ITO in all-or-nothing terms either incur great risks or forego the potential benefits of selective sourcing. Reasons for ITO can be categorized as two dimensional and based on: Purchasing style refers to contracts to either be once off or an expectation of business for many years. Purchasing focus refers to companies buying resources from vendors, such as hardware,etc, and manage the delivery of IT themselves or vendors manage the IT activity and the organization expect the specified results. The result is four distinct categories will be representative of whether ITO is required as figure 1 represents. The figure also represents a decision matrix for business and guide for an effective strategy. A decision in selecting what can be outsourced usually distinguish between the contribution that IT makes to the business operations and it’s impact on competitive advantage. ITO was primarily domestic but has now evolved due to globalization and can also be categorized now by variance of service provider distance. The same reasons apply globally for ITO. On-shoring refers to the outsource vendor located in the same country of the customer. Near-shoring refers to the outsource vendor located geographically close but not in the same country. Off-shoring refers to the outsource vendor located offshore and possibly on a different continent and time-zone. Managing ITO Once the scope and type has been identified,the vendor selection process will be initiated by soliciting via Request for Proposal(RFP). Not all service providers are equal as all offer different types of services like: IS consultancies/solutions providers services in all IS functions Systems houses system integration Hardware vendors – hardware platform Ex-IS departments industry specific sourcing Development houses – develop software Generic outsourcers manage functions, especially infrastructure Freelancers There are also important criteria to look for in your service provider. Appropriate outsourcing experience and proven customer satisfaction track record. Accredited in application of best practices such as ITIL with the necessary evidence. Adequate numbers of skilled labor. Scale and geography to fulfill the organizations needs. Prepared to be flexible to you organizations needs, ie plan with current staff. Upon selection of the ITO partner, an outsourcing contract provides a legally bound, institutional framework in which each party’s rights, duties and responsibilities are codified and the goals, policies, and strategies underlying the arrangement are specified. Selective sourcing allows for flexibility within the short contracts. While some organizations realized their benefits in ITO, others have not been able to achieve benefits due to poor staffing of the IT function, poorly written service level agreements (SLA), lack of outsourcing experience on the client side, poor project management skill, poor technical infrastructure (especially in some offshore cases), and lack of trust (Jennex and Adelakum 2003, Lacity and Willcocks 2001). A contract alone is insufficient to guide outsourcing evolution and performance since it involves repeated inter-organizational exchanges that become socially embedded over time.This is why ICT outsourcing is very challenging and often a painful process!! Governance is fundamental to outsourcing relationships. Tracking SLAs and ensuring compliance to contracts are critical to controlling costs and setting minimum performance requirements. It is therefore important to ensure that the ITIL framework,starting with support management, are implemented to ensure that the IT aligns with business with the necessary metrics in place. Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) framework will ensure that all policies should be enforced, especially adherence to security. Critical Success Factors in an outsourcing relationship that should mitigate risk: Define a strategy with measurable goals within your SLA to ensure the relationship don’t lose momentum over time. Exercise due diligence to establish a baseline for the relationship. With the adoption of the ITIL Framework,adopt a comprehensive change management strategy. Always keep senior management involved to ensure that adherence to policies and procedures. The right metrics and regular reporting build confidence and help sustain relations. As per the Tuckman’s stage model the relationship should grow like a team and evolve in stages. Stage one is the Insourcing stage where organizations buy only a few IT functions or services from external vendors on short term contractual agreements. Only a few IT activities are bought from outside parties, generally less than 5% of the entire IT operation. Stage two is the Forming, or experimenting, stage. In this stage organizations engage in sporadic outsourcing of IT activities. Sourcing activities may be between 10-20% of the entire IT needs in the organization. Stage three is the Storming stage; it is regarded as a transition stage. At stage three organizations need to make a decision either to pursue outsourcing actively or to keep on experimenting. Stage four is the Norming stage. At this stage organization have already made a decision to pursue IT outsourcing actively and have established some norms, methods or processes for IT outsourcing within the organization. The reason for outsourcing could be either cost focus or desire to improve internal efficiency. Outsourcing could account for up to 40% of IT activities. The last stage is the strategic focus stage. In this stage IT outsourcing is part of the corporate strategy and it is not based just on cost reduction or IT improvement but is a strategic decision to use IT outsourcing within the entire organization as part of corporate strategy. Benefits from ITO Offshore outsourcing holds more advantages than disadvantages with: IT outsourcing to India helps to leverage from immensely intelligent, skilled and dedicated resources at reduced labor. Opportunity to expand service levels beyond ordinary. 24/7 Productivity has given rise to the â€Å"global delivery system† where development in particular could be done around the clock or â€Å"overnight† in a collaborative model. Choice of accredited vendors indicates that best practices are applied which should result in increase quality of service. Best-of-breed technologies accompanied by best practices should decrease the latency on time-to-market. Conclusion All factors for outsourcing was highlighted in would thus mitigate risks and highlight benefits.The future of outsourcing include service-oriented architecture (SOA), green IT, the changing role of practitioners and what the future holds for convergence of technology and business process. The ITO market would thus become more specialized and modular. Offshore ITO has also grown due to the bandwagon effect where other organizations just take advantage of the options prompted by others. Numerous surveys in outsourcing indicates that Offshore Leaders are Canada, India, Ireland, Israel, Philippines Up-and-comers are Brazil, China, Malaysia, Mexico, Russia, South Africa. Rookies are Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Thailand, Ukraine Reverse sourcing is a new trend in global business where offshore outsourcing is reversed to near-shore outsourcing but not primarily for cost factors. This trend is more evident in call-centers as customers prefer dealing with agents proficient in their language and culture. References Apte, U. M., Sobol, M. G., Hanaoka, S., Shimada, T., Saarinen, T., Salmela, T. and Vepsalainen, A. P. J. (1997). IS Outsourcing Practices in the USA, Japan and Finland: A Comparative Study, Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 12, pp. 289-304. Bansal, V. and Pandey, V. (2003). A decision-making framework for IT Outsourcing using Analytical Hierarchy Process, Kampur, Indian Institute of Technology Buchanan, Steven (2006). â€Å"A framework for business continuity management† International Journal of Information Management, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 128-141, Apr 2006 Corbett MF (2004)- The outsourcing revolution, Dearborn Trade Pub Dibbern, J, Goles,T, Hirschheim, R, Jayatilaka, B (2004). Information Systems Outsourcing: A Survey and Analysis of the Literature. The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems – 2004 (Vol. 35, No. 4). Felton JD (2008)- The Art of Outsourcing Information Technology,AuthorHouse Gallivan, M. J. and Oh, W. (1999). Analyzing IT Outsourcing Relationships as Alliances among Multiple Clients and Vendors, Proceedings of the 32nd Annual International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii. Gottschalk P (2006)- Knowledge Management Systems: Value Shop Creation,Idea Group Inc (IGI) Greaver MF (1999)- Strategic outsourcing: a structured approach to outsourcing decisions and initiatives,AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn Gupta A (2008)- Outsourcing and Offshoring of Professional Services,Idea Group Inc (IGI) http://is2.lse.ac.uk/asp/aspecis/20040001.pdf http://sloanreview.mit.edu/the-magazine/articles/1997/spring/3834/beyond-outsourcing-managing-it-resources-as-a-value-center/ http://www.eds.com/about/history/timeline.aspx http://www.iitk.ac.in/ime/veena/PAPERS/icsci04.pdf Hu, Q., Saunders, C. and Gebelt, M. (1997). Research Report: Diffusion of Information Systems Outsourcing: A Re-evaluation of Influence Sources, Information Systems Research, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 288-301. Khosrowpour M(2003)-Advanced Topics in Information Resources Management,Idea Group Inc (IGI) MC Lacity, LP Willcocks, DF Feeny (1996)- Sloan Management Review http://hickeyj.googlepages.com/p5.pdf Mcivor R (2005)- The Outsourcing Process,Cambridge University Press Michaelides P -Reasons Leading to the Ineffectiveness of Information Systems Outsourcing in Minimising Costs,Universal-Publishers Schniederjans AM,Schniederjans DG(2007) Outsourcing management information systems,Idea Group Inc (IGI)

Berkeleys Water Experiment :: Science Illusions Argument Papers

Berkeley introduces his water experiment in order to demonstrate that in perception the perceiver does not reach the world itself but is confined to a realm of representations or sense data. We will attempt to demonstrate that Berkeley's description of our experience at the end of the water experiment is inauthentic, that it is not so much a description of an experience as a reconstruction of what we would experience if the receptor organs (the left and right hands) were objects existing in a space partes extra partes. Our argument is that there is nothing in our experience of the illusion to suggest that under normal conditions perception does not reach the world itself. Traditionally Empiricists claim that all knowledge and all basic concepts are derived from experience. At the same time they argue that all experience is reducible to private entities, the so-called 'sense data'. Phenomenologists claim that there is nothing in experience itself to suggest that it is reducible to sense data, and that this doctrine is derived from metaphysical prejudices, the so-called 'assumptions of the natural attitude'. They argue that if we could in some way 'bracket' these assumptions and reflect only on our experience of perceiving and on the results of scientific measurements of our perceptual powers, we would discover that perception, rather than presenting us with private entities or 'data', 'opens up' to the world itself. (1) In A New Theory of Vision, Berkeley attempts to show that all experience is reducible to sense data by exploiting two types of argument. At times he exploits a scientific account of perception and of the functioning of the perceptual organs, while at other times he uses the argument from illusions. For example, he argues, that the experience of temperature can be understood with the analogy of the experience of pain, and just as the pain is not 'in the needle', so the warmth I feel is not in the fire. (2) He then argues in a similar vein that visual experience is reducible to collections of colour sensations because light passes into the eye ball and strikes the retina, in much the same way that a sharp object striking the skin produces a sensation of pain, such as a sensation of blue or red. (3) The sensation being the effect of the physical and chemical properties of the world on the sense organs and is as distinct from the world as photographic images are from the objects which cause them.

A brief history of shia muslims

It is a fact that Muslims all over the world are divided in two large groups -Shias and Sunnis. They have strong differences in political and religious views.Though they share the same Quran and Hadith but their interpretation of Islam has very few things in common (Lucas, 2008). That is why they have been at logger-heads throughout Islamic History. Both claim to be the righteous one and regard another one as strayed away from the right path.Shia literally means group or comrade. And Shias were originally those people who were with Hazrat Ali and were normally called as Shia-e-Ali, i.e., comrades of Ali or his companions. Later on ‘Ali’ was dropped and they are now only called Shias.It is interesting to know their history. How they came to existence is a good point to start from. When the Prophet (pbuh) passed away the question of his successor rose and each group among Muslims claimed his right to form the government.Ansars (Muslims of Medina) and Mohajireen (Muslims of Mecca who had migrated to Medina) were strong claimers but the matter was sorted out amicably when somebody from the righteous companions narrated one Hadith in favor of Mohajireen (Lucas, 2008). As a result Hazrat Abu-Bakr was made the Caliph.When he was on his death bed, he appointed Hazrat Umar as his successor and he ruled for ten years without any dissent. When he was fatally wounded and people lost their hope of his recovery, they asked him to appoint his successor following the toe of his predecessor. Initially, he declined but when they insisted too much he suggested six names including the names of Hazrat Usman and Hazrat Ali.Majority of Muslims preferred Hazrat Usman to Hazrat Ali and ultimately he was made the Caliph. He ruled for twelve years but in the last phase of his tenure, he was accused of nepotism.Actually, there was a Jew named Abdullah Ben Saba. He had a long grudge against Muslims due to several reasons. He could not tolerate it that Muslims prospered and dev eloped in such a short span of time. It was beyond his patience that Islam had been spreading so rapidly.But he was shrewd enough to realize the fact that he was incapable of fighting Muslims who were the most powerful in the world then. So he put upon himself the guise of a Muslim and came to Iraq among Muslims who had just converted to Islam and were quite unaware of the fact that Islam abolishes every claim on the ground of birth, caste, race and kinship. It doesn’t buy the argument that a ruler’s son should be made the ruler when his father dies though he may be bereft of the qualities of a ruler.These ideas were not known to these new comers in the fold of Islam. They were familiar with the ways of their old monarchs who followed the general rule of hierarchy in which the son automatically occupied the throne of his father when he passed away. In the absence of a son the close relative was crowned.Therefore when Abdullah Ben Saba came to them and said that very gr ave injustice has been done to Hazrat Ali as his caliphate has been usurped by others, they were easily convinced. They thought it their bound duty to stand for Hazrat Ali and provide him with his due right.Abdullah Ben Saba had hatched a very dangerous conspiracy. He never touched the Muslims of Mecca or Medina as he was fully aware that they will easily find out him as a bloody conspirator and will reject his wrong ideas. So he chose the soil of Egypt and Iraq for the propagation of his hierarchal ideas. Muslims of these places were new converts and were therefore easily deceived.In a nutshell, Abdullah Ben Saba spread his snare with too much care. He managed to spread rumors against Hazrat Usman. He got people write letters from Iraq to Egypt and Egypt to Iraq and from different parts of the Islamic Empire to Medina spreading the rumors that the Muslims of those places were suffering from different problems due to the inefficient rule of Hazrat Usman.People were aghast with these news. They strongly suspected that Hazrat Usman was not dealing with problems properly. A committee was formed which looked into the alleged problems. It found all the charges baseless and pointed that there were a few mischievous people in those province who wrote all these letters aiming at disrupting the rule and order of the Islamic Empire.But being very lenient Hazrat Usman let all these miscreants scot free and did nothing against them. Ultimately, they felt encouraged and came marching to Medina with the sole intention to assassinate Hazrat Usman.Hazrat Usman tried to clear their doubts with arguments and they lost their ground logically and were forced to return as they had no legitimate cause to rebel against Hazrat Usman.But they assembled again outside Medina and produced a fake letter of Usman in which it was stated that they should be punished by the governors of their provinces after their returning. Claiming this false charge they surrounded Hazrat Usman’s hou se and slain him brutally. After the assassination of Hazrat Usman, people were at the mercy of these rebels.The entire empire felt itself in the grip of anarchy. Hazrat Ali saw all these and was too much worried about the affairs of the community. He was approached by the same rebels to take the rein of the caliphate. He hesitated as he was fully aware that though those people insisted on their allegiance to him but they were basically against the very soul of Islam.They were introducing such a version of Islam which had nothing to do with the Islam he knew. But he was also requested by those sincere and age-old companions of the Holy Prophet who had selected his three predecessors. Therefore keeping the welfare of Islam above any consideration he accepted the responsibility of caliphate and was made the fourth rightful Caliph.Events which unfolded afterwards paved the way for the tow major division of Muslims which seems destined to remain unbridgeable till the last Day of Judgmen t. So it is clear that this difference of views was political in nature.But the early Muslims were so much religious that nothing could claim their attention except that which had some religious ground (Esposito, 2005). They were so much religiously charged that only religion could satisfy them. In this manner they were easily cheated by conspirators like Abdullah Ben Saba and his companions.It is noteworthy that there were a few sincere Muslims too who were of the opinion that Hazrat Ali had been the most deserving candidate of Islamic caliphate after the death of the Holy Prophet due to his relation and station in Islam.He was an important member of the household of the Prophet and was one of those few people who had embraced Islam in the very beginning. There were other grounds also which are not accepted by all sects of Islam such as his being protected from the possibility of committing any mistake, etc.Thus Shias came into existence and flourished. Later on they developed thei r ideology systematically. Now their ideas are very sophisticated and particularly their notions of ‘imamat’ are very complex. They hold the view that only those people who are completely protected from any potential sin deserve to be made Caliphs or Imams.Thus they believe that there are twelve Imams such as Hazrat Ali, Hazrat Hassan, Hazrat Hussein, etc. It is also noteworthy that all the Shias are not of the same view nor they follow only one ideology.   There are fissures and cleavages among them too and they are ripped apart in their ideology. But as a matter of fact they did not undergo any divisions during the imamate of the first three Imams: Ali, Hassan, and Hussein.But after the martyrdom of Hussein, the majority of the Shias accepted the imamate of Ali Ben Hussein al-Sajjad, while a minority known as the Kisaniyah believed that the third son of Ali, Muhammad bin Hanafiyah, was the fourth Imam as well as the promised Mehdi, and that he had gone into occultat ion in the Radwa mountains and one day would reappear.After the death of Imam al-Sajjad the majority of the Shias accepted his son, Muhammad al-Baqir as Imam while a minority followed Zayd al-Shahid, another son of Imam al-Sajjad, and became known as Zaydis.Following Imam Muhammad al-Baqir, the Shias accepted his son Ja'far al-Sadiq as Imam and after the death of Imam Ja'far the majority followed his son Imam Musa al-Kazim as the seventh Imam. However, one group followed the older son of the sixth Imam, Ismail, who had died while his father was still alive, and when this latter group separated from the majority of Shias it became known as Ismailia.Others accepted either ‘Abdullah al-Fatah or Muhammad, both sons of the sixth Imam.Finally, another party stopped with the sixth Imam himself and considered him as the last Imam. In the same way, after the martyrdom of Imam Musa al-Kazim the majority followed his son, Ali al-Rida, as the eighth Imam. However, some stopped with the se venth Imam and became known as the Waqifiyah.

Sports Activities And Its Impact On Society - 2493 Words

Physical activities are crucial to the all-encompassing advancement of youngsters, cultivating their physical, social and emotional wellbeing. The advantages of sports reach the effect on physical prosperity and the estimation of the educational advantages which lead to refining both academic performance and mental toughness of game ought not to be under-evaluated (Martin, 2005). Students in college these days are keen to take part in sports. They are sometimes ready to miss their important lessons to perform sports activities held in school or outside school and they may get treated in an illegal way. The NCAA [National Collegiate Athletic Association] considers claims that are related to academic dishonesty (Wolverton, 2015). In fact, the importance of sports is directly related to the wellbeing of the student both physically, academically, and mentally (Lumpkin, A., Stokowski, S., 2011). On the other hand, sports activities can affect the academics of students negatively. Plus, sports can affect students academically if he or she is not able to make the right choices in terms of his or her career. Sports and physical activities are extremely essential in the life of an individual irrespective of his/her age. Without any proper workout routine, a person cannot expect to stay fit and healthy both physically and mentally. In addition, to improve physical health, sports and exercising also play a vital role in youth advancement physically,Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Social Status On Sports And Physical Activity1362 Words   |  6 Pagesand equality in sport and physical activity. The more common name it is called by is Figueroa’s Framework. The framework is constructed over five separate levels: individual, interpersonal, institutional, structural and cultural. All of these areas are used to explore the ways in which inequities challenge the area of sport and physical activity. They show the different functions that reinforce, create, remove and eliminate barriers and inequities within sport and physical activity. The individualRead MoreSports As A Fundamental Aspect Of American Culture Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe phrase â€Å"More than just a game† is used so often to describe the passion one has for a particular sport, that when you hear it, it may go in one ear and out the other. From the outside looking in, some may not vi ew sport as beneficial beyond exercise or pure entertainment purposes. To others, it provides significant incentives that last far longer than just the duration of your participation. Sports serves as a fundamental aspect of American culture and their values are significant when it comesRead MoreRole Of Sports In Society1130 Words   |  5 PagesRole of Sport in Society For many years, sports have played a huge role in many of our lives. They have been used for entertainment and many others would love to argue that fact and say that is their only use and have no other valuable lessons. Sports provide many things to us like Competition that sports like football, baseball, basketball, etc. require. They also teach many life lessons and values to younger generations who play sports. Participating in sports can teach kids Leadership, GoalRead MoreThe Effect Of Participation On Physical Activity Among High School Students1282 Words   |  6 PagesIndividuals of today’s society, construct their personal ambitions and beliefs from both the current social system and popular beliefs. The purpose of this analytic essay is to critically evaluate the variation of participation trends in physical activity amongst high school students as well as identify how participation can be influenced. Furthermore, primary and collected secondary data will be compa red and contrasted to identify if the proposed hypothesis is supported. In conclusion of this essayRead MoreInequality Young People with Disabilities Experience in Leisure Activities1724 Words   |  7 Pagesbullying can impact leisure participation, along with sociology, which gives an insight into gendered leisure and social class. This essay will explore inequality and will be achieved by critically examining 5 young people with disabilities on a trip to The Melbourne Cup. By applying psychology and sociology disciplines to the hypothetical study can help explain the continued inequality young people with physical disabilities experience in current society when participating in leisure activities. TheRead MoreThe Positive Impact Of The Social Influence Of Sports1486 Words   |  6 PagesSince the beginning of time sport has had a great importance. It is good for health and fitness, it is great fun and pastime and is great for learning how to win and dealing with the loss. Many factors influence sports and activities and how and to what extent in which they are performed and the biggest influence is the social influence A positive impact from the societal influence of peers would be their ability to make you feel good, try harder and to participate in more things .At some pointRead MoreDetermining Women Athletes Identify As Influences On Their Participation1398 Words   |  6 Pagesparticipation in sports. The findings show that there are both obstacles and facilitators which influence their participation in sport. Interpersonal, intrapersonal, recommendations and environmental factors are facilitators to participation in sports while obstacles include financial constraints, time, and lack of social support. This chapter will provide conclusions and recommendations. Summary The study shows that athletes recognize more facilitators than obstacles to their participation in sports. ApartRead MoreThe Impact Of Sporting Activities On Sporting Events1394 Words   |  6 PagesSporting activities have had major impacts worldwide for quite some time. Within that period of time, various issues have emanated from such activities and had various influences. According to the article written and published by Jamal L. R. on 10th November 2015, racial discrimination on sporting events, as well as the dynamics of the race and sport from 1968 to 2008 is focused on. In his research, Jamal mainly uses content analysis on the happenings, which had major impact especially on the blacksRead MoreAnalysis Of A Miniature Lit 1742 Words   |  7 PagesJarvis Washington Miniature Lit Review Introduction Gender inequality in sport is a hot button issue in our society today. Women, for the most part, have been on the short end of the stick for centuries in reference to participation in sports. Way back in Ancient times, women were not even allowed to watch the Olympics games because they were deemed â€Å"ladylike†. Women slowly began to play sports beginning in the 1800s. Some notable events were the first all-women’s golf tournament in Scotland inRead MoreThe Is A Boy Or A Girl?1352 Words   |  6 Pagesour gender is introduced. Our society identify us either a boy or a girl. One way to identity our gender is by distinguishing certain characteristics such as our sex organ. Our society characterized our gender in certain roles and expectations as soon as we are born. For example, once a parent delivers a boy, the parents may dress the baby in blue and decorate the baby’s room with sports or animal cartoons. The color blue is believed to be a masculine color and sports scenery is portrayed to be tough

Young Goodman Brown Characters - 4483 Words

Young Goodman Brown: Characters Introduction â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story by the American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne. The story made its first appearance in the New England Magazine for April 1835 and was collected in Mosses from an Old Manse in 1846. The story is set in the Puritan New England, a common setting for Hawthornes works, and like most of the stories in Mosses, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† examines Hawthorne’s favorite themes: the loss of religious faith, presence of temptation, and social ills of Puritan communities. These themes, along with the story’s dark, surreal ending, make â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† one of the Hawthorne’s most popular short stories. In order to understand â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† we must, like the†¦show more content†¦Young Goodman Brown could also be compared to the first man, Adam, who was tempted by the devil to eat the forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge, and in this story we have Brown going into the whole forest, facing the whole forest. Like Adam in the book of Genesis, Goodman cannot help himself from wanting to know what lies behind the mystery of the forest. And like Eve, he is rewarded for his curiosity with the truth that changes his life for the worse. In the course of the ceremony, the Devil tells Brown and Faith that their eyes will now be opened to the wickedness of themselves and those around them. Adam and Eve were exiled from the Garden of Eden, and forced to undergo all the trials of being mortal, human, and Goodman Brown returns from the forest to find that the joy of life has been taken away from him. He has become suspicious of those around him, even the person clo sest to him, his wife Faith. From this we can see that â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† also functions as an allegory of the fall of a man, which is also one of the themes of this story. At the very beginning of the narrative, before setting out on his journey, Goodman Brown appears to be a very confident young man for he is innocent and inexperienced. Upon his return we are given the picture of a very changed man.Show MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis Of Young Goodman Brown719 Words   |  3 PagesYoung Goodman Brown, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is the story of a young Christian mans struggle between good versus evil, and the loss of his innocence. All of us harbor a propensity for evil regardless of the mask that we put on for society. After meeting the devil in the woods one evening, Goodman Browns eyes are opened to the reality of the Puritan society in which he lives. Many of the people in attendance at the meeting were trustworthy, church-going individuals who turn out to be devilRead MoreThe Female Characters Of Young Goodman Brown1255 Words   |  6 Pagesquite frankly in real life-there is often a theme of the female characters being snubbed. It is rare to find a strong female character who is independent and treated equally. When such a character is found, it is generally a positive aspect of the text for readers, especially girls. It is extremely important that girls have positive and powerful role models in literature, and real life. Usually, an author who writes such character does this for the reason previously stated. Many would say this authorRead MoreCharacter Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and the â€Å"Lottery†967 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and the â€Å"Lottery† . Mathew Speakman English 102 Professor Katie Robinson July 15, 2012 Thesis Statement: In Nathaniel Hawthornes â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Shirley Jacksons â€Å"The Lottery†, we are given a picture of seemingly normal people who are capable of incredible evil. Outline: Opening mood in both stories a. Goodman Browns sets out on a walk in the forest, but knows that evil awaits him. b. TheRead MoreSymbolism of Setting and Character Descriptions in Young Goodman Brown1879 Words   |  8 PagesEmily Bartlett Ms. Santi 1B PDP American Literature 7 December 2011 Young Goodman Brown In Young Goodman Brown, Nathanial Hawthorne utilizes the forest’s setting and character’s descriptions to show the symbolic meaning of each. The forest, each character and their actions all have specific meanings that are critical to the interpretation of the story. The story of Young Goodman Brown takes place in the town of Salem, Massachusetts, and the forest surrounding the town. Salem became famous for itsRead MoreHow Nature Can Be Seen Negatively Affecting The Characters Of `` Young Goodman Brown ``1257 Words   |  6 Pagesgorgeous thing that God created. Nature also has many symbolic and metaphorical references to real life objects, places, and people. However, in the short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† nature can be seen negatively affecting the characters. The story has many scenes of despair and discomfort when the natural world affects the characters well being. Human nature also comes into effect in this story, with actions being decided on the nature of the human. From the Satan ceremony being one of the mostRead MoreCompairison of Young Goodman Brown and No Country For Old Men900 Words   |  4 PagesThe story Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne depicts a man whose inner desire is to experience the evil forbidde n forest, as well as retaining his image as a, â€Å"good and honest Christian.† This internal conflict is also portrayed in the movie No Country for Old Men, which was directed and written by the Coen brothers. In the movie the main character, Llewellyn Moss, is confronted with the moral dilemma of either keeping the drug money he found or calling the police. Although he morally makesRead MoreYoung Good Brown By Nathaniel Hawthorne And Girl By Jamaica Kincaid1454 Words   |  6 Pagesreadings, Young Good Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"Girl† by Jamaica Kincaid. Hawthorne’s writing is from the American Romanticism week and â€Å"Girl† is from the Post Colonialism week. From my understanding and interpretations, the two of these readings share common themes such as public perception, gender roles, for lack of a better word and trust but they have differing views of each theme. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown the story revolves around a man named Goodman Brown who has setRead MoreLiterary Analyzes Of Young Goodman Brown1746 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary analyzes of Young Goodman Brown Young goodman brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a story about a normal man that ventures into the forest to meet an old man who attempts to tempt him into going deeper into the woods to worship the devil. After the old man convinces him that everyone that he loves and respects is going to the devil’s ceremony he gives in. In Young Goodman Brown, Hawthorne effectively uses the personality and psychology of the Characters along with symbolism to portray the themeRead More Young Goodman Brown VS. Paul Essay1045 Words   |  5 Pages Young Goodman Brown vs. Paul nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After studying the short stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Willa Cather’s â€Å"Paul’s Case†, I began to see many similarities within the two stories. Both of the main characters in each story have characteristics that could be looked at as being alike, but after analyzing each character I started to find that although alike in some aspects, these two characters are very different from one another. At first I noticedRead More Essay on The Value of Dreams in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown723 Words   |  3 Pages Young Goodman Brown:nbsp; The Value of Dreams Young Goodman Brownnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Birthmarknbsp; nbsp;Nathaniel Hawthornes stories Young Goodman Brown and The Birthmark both make use of dreams to affect the story and reveal the central characters. With each story, the dreams presented are extremely beneficial to the development of the story as they give the reader a new view of the plot itself, or the characters within. At the same time, however, it becomes difficult to determine

Symptoms And Treatment Of Skin Cancer - 1774 Words

Skin Cancer Research Paper Sarah Klein was once a teenager with psoriasis, skin build up that causes an itchy patch. Her primary doctor had recommended her to use ultraviolet rays as a solution, but little did they know that was going to cause her to have stage IV metastatic melanoma once she was older with a family. In the human body there are the processes of mitosis and apoptosis, the necessary functions the body needs for proper growth and development. But there are times when new cells grow at the wrong times and the old cells do not die at the right time, this begins to cluster the extra cells and creates a tumor. Tumors may be malignant, beginning the process of cancer. According to the Cancer Source Book, in the United States the most common cancer is skin cancer along with its subtypes of Melanoma, Squamous Carcinoma and Basal Carcinoma (Bellenir et al, 2007). Fortunately, these skin cancers can be localized, removed easily and rarely life threating. Skin cancer can have multiple causes that affects the skin. Day-to-day environment, genetic makeup, and age can all affect the intensity of the tumor in each individual. For cancer to fully develop there has to be multiple changes in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for one cell to create a cancer cell and form a tumor. Each person has their own genetic changes that may cause cancer to grow and spread faster or to move slowly and restrain the cancer cells from spreading. Simple freckles or pigmentedShow MoreRelatedSkin Cancer : Symptoms And Treatment1462 Words   |  6 Pages Skin Cancer Project Wong,KaYan. Li,Suzy. Chen,Xu 10/06/2015 Tuesday ^-^ Skin Cancer Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in our society. It also can be said that it is the abnormal growth of the skin cells. The Skin Cancer Foundation reports that one in every five Americans will experience skin cancer during their lifetime. Cancers are mostly caused by the overexposure of UV radiation that damages the human DNA which lead to DNA mutation. There are three types of skin cancer, squamousRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Skin Cancer1357 Words   |  6 Pagesincidence of non melanoma skin cancer and actinic keratosis (AK) has increased. The tumours are treated with the help of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and topical therapies to manage superficial carcinoma and actinic keratosis. This review briefs about skin physiology, non melanoma skin cancer, relationship between actinic keratosis(AK) and skin cancer, different drugs used in dermal preparations for management of actinic keratosis and novel approaches for targeting drugs to skin neoplasm and actini cRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Melanoma982 Words   |  4 Pagesmalignant (cancer) cells form in the skin cells called melanocytes (cells that give the skin color). It can also occur in the eye and is called intraocular or ocular melanoma; however it can happen anywhere on the body. It is the most dangerous of the common forms of skin cancer and oftens appears as a growing coloured skin spot, usually occuring in adults, but it is sometimes found in children and adolescents. The disease is more aggressive than basal cell skin cancer or squamous cell skin cancer. CAUSE:Read MoreMelanoma Skin Cancer Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pageslargest organ of the human body is your skin. It is your body’s first line of defense against infections, injuries, heat, and sunlight. It also helps in controlling the temperature of your body and getting rid of the excess water and salt by sweating it out. Skin cancer is also known as cancer of the sun. Excessive amounts of ultra violet lights affect your skin in negative ways, possibly leading to Melanoma skin cancer. Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer there is and can often times be fatalRead MoreThe System Of The Human Body1429 Words   |  6 Pagesin the function of the human body. The system is made up of the skin and skin derivatives such as hair, nails, glands and receptors and provides the body with a line of defence against foreign, infectious pathogens (Moore et al., 2013). The skin is the most vulnerable organ to injury and disease as it is an external organ and the largest organ of the body, contributing to approximately 15% of the body’s weight (Hackman, 2014). The skin also helps to maintain homeostasis in the body as well as containingRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Disease That Comes Unexpectedly Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer is a disease that comes unexpectedly; many people tend to overlook the symptoms. There are different types of breast cancers that require treatments and surgery. The course of treatment varies from patient to patient because there are many factors that can contribute to a patient’s treatment plan. Once the plan is in place, there are many things that will need to be done in order to ensure that the cancer will not return. Trying to beat cancer can be a long, extraneous, and in someRead More Skin Cancer Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesSkin Cancer Skin cancer is a disease that can affect any one. Skin cancer includes many types that can be classified as severe or superficial. Consequently, treatement of skin cancer depends on the degree of severity a person has. In the following paper, we will shed lights on the types of skin cancer and its causes. Finally, we will investigate how to treat the different types of cancer and how to avoid it. Skin cancer is a term used to describe cancer in skin tisssues. The skin is made ofRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Surgery Essay936 Words   |  4 Pages1990’s as something called the Isolate limb infusion (ILI) has now been given a much less invasive name called the Isolate Limb Perfusion (ILP). They differ from each other in that it is performed by going through the unbroken skin rather than doing it surgically. Another treatment option that has been used is called Cryotherapy. This type of therapy results in tumor antigen release through local trauma to the area and this results in having the potential to evoke an integral anti-melanoma immune responseRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On My Life1571 Words   |  7 PagesCancer. The dreaded word no one wants to hear. It brings us feeling of loss, hopelessness, pain, and anger. Almost everyone I know has been affected by cancer in one way or another, whether it being losing someone to it, suffering from, or overcomin g. We see it all over television, social media, newspapers when they think they’ve found another treatment, they’re a little closer to what they think might be the cure, or someone we know has won or lost their battle. It does not discriminate who it affectsRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Second Most Common Cancer1403 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States, breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Although it can occur in both men and women, it is very rare in men. An individual’s breast has many components. It contains glands, ducts and breast tissue that contains fat, connective tissue, lymph nodes and blood vessels. The most common type of breast cancer in the U.S. is ducts carcinoma. This type of cancer begins within the cells of the ducts, but it can also begin in the cells of the lobules and other tissues

Financial Statements Of Accounts Prepared †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Financial Statements Of Accounts Prepared? Answer: Introducation Audit is an independent examination of the financial statements and books of accounts prepared by the management by the auditors of the company to check whether the financials are showing correct and unbiased view of the state of affairs and to express their opinion thereof. Audit is generally conducted using the substantive and analytical procedures. Substantive audit procedures are of great relevance in ascertaining whether all the audit procedures an d cares and check have been applied consistently and thoroughly while preparing the books of accounts and preparation of financial summary. It generally includes vouching of incomes and expenses and verification of assets and liabilities. But when these 2 measures are not sufficient and does not gives the confidence on the arithmetical accuracy of the books of accounts then the auditor has to switch to analytical procedures which includes ratio analysis, trend analysis, variance analysis and a study of fluctuation in the numbers based on the past financial statements. For this, generally the data points include the past years financial data, the industry trend and average, the budgeted numbers and the forecasted numbers. IN case of DIPL limited, the auditors have also changed as compared to the last year, so substantive procedures would not be enough the new auditors would have to resort to the analytical audit procedures to gain the confidence on the transparency of the accounts prepared and the verification of the opening balances of the client. If post all this comparison, we would come to know that still the decision cannot be taken whether the books are to materially misstated, then the auditors would have to increase their scope of check and would have to apply further analytical procedures keeping into consideration the maintenance of the internal financial control in the company by the management. If the internal financial controls are adequate, less is the amount of risk, less will be the deviation of the actual from the standard and hence, less is the extent of checking reqd., however, in the other case, weak the leave of internal control maintained by DIPL, the more is the level of analytical procedures to be applied. Further, the management needs to answer all the queries raised b the new auditors in case of any clarifications. There are various ways in which the auditor can use these analytical procedures for ascertaining the credit viability of the company. The examination of the financial statements of previous year can be done, by derivation important key financial ratios that help the auditor in forming an opinion on the financial viability of the company. In addition, comparison with the set industry standards can be done accordingly, by trend analysis and making forecasts and budgeting. If the auditor finds from any deviation from the expected standards then he needs to find the reason of the same and approach the management to comment on the same. These are few basic tools of analytical analysis, that can help the auditor in making a statement (Bae 2017). In the given case study, financial information of past years from the books of account of the company is given. Data can be taken from the same to calculate important ratios, industry data is not available so it will be difficult to comment on the standing of the company, with respect to specific industry qualifications and provisions. The analytical procedures applied here would be reflected by means of the below mentioned table. Al l the data has been collected from the books of account of the company and an opinion on the same is given by making use of specific tools, as depicted hereunder- There are various types of risks that are associated in audit of an organisation, that might affect the standing of the auditor and prevent them from forming an opinion on the financial statements of the company. The three types of risks are Inherent risk, control risks and ejection risks. Inherent risk is the major type of risk that occurs in situations that are not in control of the management. Control risks are the type of risk in which there is risk of lack of proper internal control o part of the management. In addition, detection risks occur when the auditor fails to notice an error that can be easily identifiable. In the given case of DIPL, there are certain inherent risks that are to be identified by the auditor. The auditor must also take measures to ensure mitigation of the risks. (Raiborn, Butler Martin 2016) Risk of material misstatement The company faces an inherent risk of non routine transactions and adopting new changes in the statement. The main reason that is a risk on part of the auditor to comment on the financial viability of the company, because the IT system which the company is installing is entirely new. The IT system is a deviation from routine matters, there is no standard basis with which the auditor can compare its effectiveness. The system is installed under acute pressure from the management without any reconciliation between the pre operating activities and the results there of. These factors behind the installation of the new IT system, makes it probable to consist of certain risk that is not in the hands of the management and the auditor. Also the management has failed to ascertain effective control in maintenance of the same, thus the risk chances increases because of lack of proper internal control facilities (Sonu, Ahn Choi 2017). The risk of material misstatement encompasses the fact that it is possible that the management might have failed to include all material facts in the financial statements accurately. The main reason behind the same might be the presence of inherent risks and control risks in the operations that have prevented the auditor from forming a correct opinion on the financial statements. In the given case, if the company fails to properly reconcile all the operations with respect to the new IT system there is high chances that there might be misstatement in the financial statements of the company. This may be reflected in the overvaluation or the undervaluation of the system. There may be chances of default in the revenue system also because of the same. 2) The second type of inherent risk may be associated with the changes in the accounting policies and assumptions of the company by the board of directors. The main reason behind the same is that it is stated in the reports of the management that the management is considering change in the accounting policies and estimates. Proposals have been given on not using the average cost for the valuation of the inventory and new cost methods should be implied. Also the management is considering changes in the method of calculation of depreciation and reporting on the same. Only based on the experience of the board members the company is considering changing the method of depreciation and assuming the life of the asset to be 30 years, even though as per the industry specifications the life must be 20 years (DeZoort Harrison 2016). This will be lead to material misstatement because the management is changing the policies and maki9ng assumptions without any proper research and consideration and that may affect the financial position of the company. The auditor will have problem in ascertaining the viability of the books of account in chances of change of accounting policies and estimates. Proper disclosure is to be given by the management to make sure all the changes are properly recorded and stated. Fraud can occur in the preparation of the financial statements and the main work of the auditor is to identify such fraud risk factors and to eliminate the same. In the books of account of DIPL and the statement presented by the company, many lead two fraud risk factors to falsification of the books of account. Approach of the auditor 1) The major fraud risk factor is that there is no proper segregation of duties in major areas and one person is given all the responsibility. It is one of the major reasons that may lead to fraud because one person has got access to all the important areas. In case of DIPL, the clerk is given important work related to invoice preparation and its presentation and also authorises the same for payment. There is only level of check there in the form of the accounts receivable clerk who checks the mathematical accuracy of the invoices and makes the payment. In case of cash related activities, the e receipts are downloaded, verified and authorised by a single person, and then reconciliation of the statements is also done by the same person. Thus we see that there is little or no control, because even if the person does any fraud in the account, it will be hard for the auditor and the management to identify the same. To prevent such fraud risk factors, the auditor must ask the management to ensure proper segregation of work. There must be clear check points, so that any entry, any amount passes through at least two check points, before being finalised. The auditor in case he ascertains that any fraud has occur can bring up the matter directly to the management and can ask the management to change the present position of the person at fault, so that proper observations may be drawn in lack of any manipulation from the defaulted party (Knechel Salterio 2016). 2) The second area of fraud in case of DIPL, can be the implementation of the new It system without any proper reconciliation. It is possible that personal motives of the directors may be involved in the same. There are chances of fraud because the system was installed without proper reconciliation and checking, and also there are no proper parameters in which the auditor can compare its efficiency and verification. It may be possible that the management had certain personal gains involved in the same, and the management wanted to do it in haste so that they can avoid any discrepancies that may arise if proper reconciliation is done. (Fay Negangard 2017) The auditor should make sure that all the details regarding the new system are derived from the management. Proper scrutiny of the books of accounts and third party check must be done, to ensure its effectiveness and verify its credibility. The reasons of haste must be justified and the auditor must ask the management to conduct important reconciliation and provide the report as soon a possible. These are the few ways in which the auditor can mitigate the fraud factor form the books of accounts of the company. (Grenier 2017) References Bae, SH 2017, 'The Association Between Corporate Tax Avoidance And Audit Efforts: Evidence From Korea', Journal of Applied Business Research, vol 33, no. 1, pp. 153-172. DeZoort, FT Harrison, PD 2016, 'Understanding Auditors sense of Responsibility for detecting fraud within organization', Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 1-18. Fay, R Negangard, EM 2017, 'Manual journal entry testing : Data analytics and the risk of fraud', Journal of Accounting Education, vol 38, pp. 37-49. Grenier, J 2017, 'Encouraging Professional Skepticism in the Industry Specialization Era', Journal of Business Ethics, vol 142, no. 2, pp. 241-256. Knechel, WB Salterio, SE 2016, Auditing:Assurance and Risk, 4th edn, Routledge, New York. Raiborn, C, Butler, JB Martin, K 2016, 'The internal audit function: A prerequisite for Good Governance', Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, vol 28, no. 2, pp. 10-21. Sonu, CH, Ahn, H Choi, A 2017, 'Audit fee pressure and audit risk: evidence from the financial crisis of 2008', Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting Economics , vol 24, no. 1-2, pp. 127-144.